Cursing Profanity or Blasphemy

18 Furthermore, the fourth point of Ljung‟s criteria notes that by uttering swear words, the speaker deliver “direct expression of the speaker‟s attitude what heshe is speaking about”. It contains emotive function which might be identified by some features of expletive interjections, emphasizer, and expletive slot-filler for example: “I need the bloody hammer” p. 21. He explains that expletive interjections generally express surprise, pain, fear, anger, disappointment, and even joy, for instance, Shit, Damn, Fuck, Son of Bitch, etc. In addition, Jay and Crystal note that expletive interjections are often considered to be basically cathartic which means not aimed primarily at others but expresses speaker‟s reactions to different mishaps and disappointments as cited in Ljung, 2011, p. 30. Meanwhile, emphasizer is often used in the form of swearing as a following noun for example, I need a glass of water, not a bloody bathtub, emphasis after and interrogative WH-word for example: What the hell are you doing?, and forms of infixation in a word Absobloodylutely, Infuckingcredible, etc or a phrase Shut the fuck up p. 34. Infixation is the process of inserting an infix Nordquist, 2015. Thus, expletive slot-filler indicates that the speaker use the swear words as adverbial or adject ival intensifier for example: It‟s bloody marvelous, they drove damn fast, etc. and adjective of dislike He‟s a bloody fool p. 34. Above all, swear words are used in the context which indicates what the words mean further than their literal meaning. To gain the meaning behind a word or a sentence, semantic and pragmatic fields might be suitable to be applied. Griffiths 2006 describes the study to analyze the context of word‟s use: 19 “Semantics is the study of the “toolkit” for meaning: knowledge encoded in the vocabulary of the language and in its patterns for building more elaborate meanings, up to the level of sentence meanings. Pragmatics is concerned with the use of these tools in meaningful communication. Pragmatics is about the interaction of semantic knowledge with our knowledge of the world, taking into account contexts of use”. p. 1 Based on Griffiths‟ explanation, pragmatic has deeper work in defining the meanings or sentences because it considers the context of communication occurred. Adjusting the context of swear words‟ use, Jay 2006 classifies some functional pragmatic categories which contains of emotive reason behind the user of swear words. The first function is to express anger andor frustration. They are combined due to the difficulty in distinguishing these emotions by language alone. An example of anger-frustration is when a boy who had his basketball field goal attempt blocked responded, what the fuck. It will be difficult to determine if he was angry at the blocker or himself by that phrase alone. The second is to show descriptive-evaluative function. It is used to indicate how speakers describes connotatively or denotatively the objects and events around the camp. This game sucks is an evaluation of the baseball game; while “my sneakers are shitty” is a denotative description after stepping in feces. Taboo words also intensify descriptions, for example, “he beat the hell out of him” indicates the level of physical energy used in the fight. The third is to deliver joke. This category is used for formal joke frames and humor usage with taboo words. At this camp, non-dirty jokes are often regarded as “corny” and the teller is laughed at rather than his or her joke. At PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI