6. The private sphere
The gap between the public and private sphere. In modern societies we separate what is public and what is private though this is a division that keeps on moving.
7. Postcolonialism
In his anthology Postcolonial Discourses, Gregory Castle signifies the diversity of perspectives within the thematic approaches of Postcolonialism itself.
He explains the Postcolonialism studies vary in its subject –matter, whether it is a
political movement, a social condition, a literary text, or concepts like gender, nationalism, textuality and postmodernism Castle, 2001:xi.
Charles E. Bressler in Literary Criticism: An Introduction to theory and Practice also gives his crucial note on the heterogenousity of Postcolonial field of
study Bressler, 1999: 266. Likewise, Postcolonialism deals with many issues for societies that have undergone colonialism: the dilemmas of developing a national
identity in the wake of colonial rule: the ways in which writers from colonial countries attempt to articulate and even celebrate their cultural identities and
reclaim them from the colonizers; the way knowledge of subordinate people is produced and used; and the ways in which the literature of colonial powers is used
to justify colonialism through the perpetuation of images of the colonized as inferior.
In his book Colonization: A Global History, Marc Ferro analyzes Jacques Berque’s statement, which claims that colonization was an enterprise which had
subverted the nature of other cultures. It seized the nature of the other in order to
exploit him, to supplant him in all the domains of social life-political, artistic, linguistic and casts over the other a veil of “opacity.” The Other is cut off from
history, he loses his heritage and is constrained to seek the reconstruction of his identity in terms of the model imposed upon him by his ruler Ferro, 1997: 181.
In his eassy The Scramble for Post-colonialism sited in The Post-colonial studies Reader Stephen Slemon explains that the forms of colonialism is different
across cultural locations, and that the orders of oppression are always complex and multivalent Ashcroft, 1995:52.
In accordance with the diverse practice of Postcolonialism discussed by the preceding writers, it is also crucial to put in some explanations on the co-
relation between colonialism and the involvement of material violence, capitalistic economy, and the military. Moreover, upon his analysis of Fanon’s The Wretched
of the Earth, Patrick Taylor in Rereading Fanon, Rewriting Caribbean History sited in Postcolonial Discourses and Changing Cultural Contexts: Theory and
Criticism observes that “decolonization is easily transformed into neocolonialism
with the emergence of new national elites dependent on metropolitan economic linkages” Rajan. 1995:18
Additionally, in the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms Jonathan Hart and Terry Goldie also explain the
state of Postcolonialism. They assert that “Post-colonial theory is a term for a collection of theoretical and critical strategies used to examine the culture
literature, politics, history and so forth of former colonies of the European empires, and their relation to the rest of the world” Makaryk, 1993:155.
In summary, the major concern of Postcolonialism is to highlight the struggle that occurs when one culture is dominated by another and that what all
