Definition of Motivation Types of Motivation Problem in Motivation

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2. Motivation

a. Definition of Motivation

There are many definitions of motivation. The word motivation means the need or reason for doing something. Motivation is the power and reason of someone in doing activity. Brown 1994 defines that motivation is “commonly thought of as an inner drive, impulse, emotion or desire that moves one to particular action” p. 152. Simanjuntak 1988 also adds, “Motivation is seen as the fulfillment of need s” p. 3. Murray 1964 defines, “A motive is an internal factor that arouses , directs, and integrates person behaviour” p. 7. Gooding and Gooding and Woolfolk 19 87 define that motivation is “Something that energizes and directs behaviour toward a goal “p. 83. Gooding and Woolfolk 1987 also add that motivation is an action which is stimulated by environmental events or physical conditions. Schunk, Pintrich, and Meece 2008 state “Motivation is the process whereby goal- directed activity is insighted and sustained” p. 4. Ryan and Deci 2000 add, “To be motivated means to be moved to do something” p. 54. In education, motivation is an essential condition of learning. Motivation encourages students to make effort in achiving the learning objectives. Motivation is also a factor that affects students’ performance. This factor is important in teaching learning process.

b. Types of Motivation

There are two types of motivation, namely intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Ryan and Deci 2000 argue that there are two types of motivation 13 based on the reasons or goal of action. They are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Ryan and Deci 2000 state intrinsic motivation is “an action which done based on satisfactions rather than consequence” p. 56. Extrinsic motivation is “an action which is done to reach some separable outcome” p. 60.

c. Problem in Motivation

The teachers can not deny that motivation plays vital role in students’ achivevement. Stronger motivation gives great effec t on students’ learning result. Murray 1964 argues that the strength of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation “influence the way we see the world, the things we think about and the actions in which we engage” p. 9. Motivation encourages students to make effort in achieving the learning objectives. Schunk, Pintrich, and Meece 2008 argue that high motivated students show their interest in activities, work diligently, feel self- confident, do the tasks, and perform well. On the opposite, unmotivated students show their poor performance. High motivated students can reach the good result in the class. Good 1970 argues that students who do not have motivation in certain course but he must study it. The students may dislike that course. They are going to skip that course in the future as cited in Prayitno, 1989.

d. Approach and Technique in Motivation