The Research Design Data Source Data Collecting Technique Data Analyzing Technique

III. METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 The Research Design

This research will be conducted by using quantitative research. According to Sugiono 2007 quantitative research is a research method used to analyze population and sample, collecting data by using research instrument, analyzing data in the form of quantitative or statistic measurement to examine the hypothesis. Best, 1981 : 107 said: Thus this research shows the generalization of the data through numerical measures as a means of descriptions. In writing this thesis, the writer applies the collecting data and library research, the writer collected some theories and information about theme and rheme, from books, internet and other sources which really support the writing.

3.2 Data Source

The source data is taken from the Inside Sumatera Magazine. Inside Sumatera Magazine is a mothly magazine that has some collumns of article in it, in this case the writer took Inside Sumatra Magazine volume 73 for February 2011 as the data source. Qualitative research presents the data and research in the form of qualitative description. Analysis of this type is done with words to describe conclusion.

3.3 Data Collecting Technique

The procedures of administering the column are conducted as follows: a. Reading each enter column carefully. b. Identifying the types of circumstance used in the columns. c. Marking the types of circumstance used in the columns. d. Putting the data in the table. Universitas Sumatera Utara

3.4 Data Analyzing Technique

In this thesis, the writer use quantitative method to analyze the data, besides the writer using some techniques to analyze the data, and the are : - The writer read the dataarticle - The writer analyzed the data to find out textual function, i.e Theme and Rheme in the articles - After that, the writer uses the formula to make percentage of textual function in the article. The formula is: Nu = �� �� x 100 Nu = number of sample Ni = number of sample of each types Na = number of sample of total types Universitas Sumatera Utara

IV. THE ANALYSIS

4.1 The analysis of multiple themes in text “Tapis Cloth, A Traditional Lampung Handicraft” Inside Sumatra Magazine such as the following. 1. Based on Van Der Hoop’s research, the lampung people have been making brocade and plapai cloth since second century AD. Based on Van Der Hoop’s research the lampung people have been making brocade and plapai cloth since second century AD. Marked Unmarked Topical Theme Rheme The above sentence is a topical theme. The mentioned theme consists of two topical unmarked themes “the lampung people” which functioning as the main subject of the sentence and the marked theme is “based van vander hoop’s research”, functioning as additional information for the subject. 2. The moves of the cloth are key and rhomboid shampes hayat trees tree of life, houses with people with spirits in them, animal motives, suns moons and jasmine flowers. The moves of the cloth are key and rhomboid shampes hayat treestree of life Simple Theme Rheme In this sentence, the main message is the theme of the clause “the moves in the cloth” The remaining massage is “are key and rhomboidshapes hayat trees tree of life” is cosidered as a theme of the clause. Universitas Sumatera Utara 3. At that time the layered tapis cloth was famous, interwoven with white silk thread and was known as tapis inuh At that time the layered tapis cloth was famous Preposition Unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The above sentence has two themes, that are textual and topical. The subject of the sentence is “the layered cloth” in considered as a unmarked theme which is topical theme whereas.the textual theme is “at that time” which is relised as a prepositional phrase. 4. The trading and sailing around the Indonesia islands are presumed to have created a culture orientated towards the sea. The trading and sailing around the Indonesia islands are presumed to have created a culture orientated towards the sea unmarked Topical theme Rheme The theme “the trading and sailing around the Indonesia islands” is an unmarked topical theme due to its function as a subject of the clause whereas “are presumed to have created a culture orientated towards the sea” is the rheme of the clause. 5. This era, known as the maritime era was responsible for giving rise to culture intractions between different regions. This era, known as the maritime era was responsible for giving rise to culture intractions between different regions Unmarked Marked Topical Multiple Theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara The theme of the clause is “This era” which is an unmarked topical theme due to its function as a subject. The next of the clause “known as the maritime era” is a marked topical theme because it is not functioned as subject whereas “was responsible for giving rise to culture interactions between different regions” is the rheme. 6. These conditions quite possibly caused the motives used in the Lampung tapis, resemble motives found in other regions. These conditions quite possibly caused the motives used in the Lampung tapis, resemble motives found in other regions Unmarked Modal adjunct Topical Interpersonal Multiple Theme Rheme The Topical theme in this clause is “ These conditions” functioning as the main subject of the clause whereas “ quite” “ possibly” is functioned as “caused the motives used in the Lampung tapis, resemble motives found in other regions”. 7. Beginning from this historical background, the imaginations and creativity of the tapis makers began to influence their creation. Beginning from this historical background the imaginations and creativity of the tapis makers began to influence their creation Marked Unmarked Topical Multiple Theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara In this clause, “the imaginations and creativity of the tapis makers”in functioned as the subject of the clause and it is textually an unmarked topical theme while “Beginning from this historical background”is so called a marked topical theme 8. Of course, these imaginations were inspired from their daily lives. Of course these imaginations were inspired from their daily lives Modal adjunct Unmarked Interpersonal Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The above clause has two themes that are interpersonal and topical themes. The interpersonal theme is “of course” since it is functioned as modal adjuct while “these imaginations” is functioned as the participant of the clause so it is an unmarked topical theme. The remain additional message is the here of the clause. 9. The used of sailing ships at the time and their environment which was orientated towards the sea inspired the motives used. The used of sailing ships at the time And their environment Which was orientated towards the sea Inspired the motives used Unmarked Marked Conjunction Unmarked Relative Topical Textual Topical Textual Rheme Multiple Theme Rheme The above clause consists of multiple themes that are topical and textual themes. “The used of sailing ships” and “their environtment” are unmarked topical themes. Textual themes in this sentence are “and” and “which”. ”and” functions as conjuction and “which” was oriented Universitas Sumatera Utara towords the sea is functioning as relative clause so they are classified to textual theme while “ inspred the motive used” is the so called rheme of the clause. 10. Tapis cloth is made of cotton and gold thread. Tapis cloth is made of cotton and gold thread Simple Theme Rheme The main starting point in this sentence is “ Tapis cloth ” and the additional message “is made in cotton and gold thread” is rheme. 11 The cotton thread is used as the main material of making the cloth. The cotton thread is used as the main material of making the cloth. Simple Theme Rheme The participant of the clause above is “ the cotton thread”. It also the starting message of the clause, whereas the additional message is “is used the main material of making cloth”.is the rhemeof the clause 12 Meanwhile, gold and silver threads are used to create the large variety of tapis motives on the tapis cloth. Meanwhile gold and silver threads are used to create the large variety of tapis motives on the tapis cloth Conjunction Unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The clause above consists of two themes that are textual and topical themes. The textual theme in this clause is “meanwhile” which functioning as a conjunction, as a starting point of the clause while the topical theme is “gold and silver thread” which functioning as the Universitas Sumatera Utara participant of the clause while the rheme of the clause is “are used to create the large variety of tapis motives on the tapis cloth” which is also the remain message of the clause. 13. The lampung tapis cloth can be classified in different groups : abung siwu mego, tulang bawang mego pak, pubian telusuku, pesisir, and tapis from way kanan. The lampung tapis cloth Can be classified in different groups: abung siwu mego, tulang bawang mego pak, pubian telusuku, pesisir, and tapis from way kanan. Simple Theme Rheme The participant of the clause above is “the lampung tapis cloth”, it is also the main massage of the sentence. The rheme of the clause is “can be classified in different groups” as The additional message of the sentence. 14. The tapis abung siwo mego has 16 different varietions The tapis abung siwo mego has 16 different varietions: tapis raja tulak, laut handak, laut silung, laut linau, jung syarat, balak, pucuk rebung, cucuk pinggir, cucuk semako, cucuk andak, tuhaw, rajo medal, arteng, nyilem di laut timbul di gunung, rajo di hawak, and tapis gajah mereh. Simple Theme Rheme The participant of the clause above is” the tapis abung siwo mego” which is also the main massage of the sentence and the rest of the clause “has 16 variention:tapis raja tulak, laut handak, laut silung, laut linau, jung syarat, balak, pucuk rebung, cucuk pinggir, cucuk semaco, cucuk andak, tuhaw, rajo medal, arteng, nyilem di laut timbul di gunung, rajo di hawak and tapis gajah merah” is the rheme of the clause. Universitas Sumatera Utara 15. Meanwhile, the tapis tulang bawang mego pak also has many variations such as the tapis dewa sano, limar sekebar, ratu tulang bawang, sasap, kibang, kilap turki, bintang perak, balak, kacamato dilem, and the tapis limau tunggal. Meanwhile the tapis tulang bawang mego pak also has many variations such as the tapis dewa sano, limar sekebar, ratu tulang bawang, sasap, kibang, kilap turki, bintang perak, balak, kacamato dilem, and the tapis limau tunggal. Conjunctive Unmarked Conjunction Textual Topical Textual Multiple Theme Rheme The above sentence has two textual themes and one topical theme. “ the tapis tulang bawang mego pak” is the participant of the clause functioning as an unmarked topical theme, “meanwhile” functions as conjuction clause, it is classified as the textual theme. Then word “also” functioning as a conjuction where conjuction is one of textual theme. The remaining clause “has many variation such as the tapis dewa sano, limar sekebar, ratu tulang bawang, sasap, kibang, kilap turki, bintang perak, balak, kacamato dilem, and the tapis limau tunggal” is the rheme. 16. The tapis rubian telusuku consist of jung sarat, balak, linau and many more. The tapis rubian telusuku consist of jung sarat, balak, linau and many more Simple theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara “the tapis rubian telusuku” a function as the main subject of the sentence. That’s why it is the called the them. While “consist of jung syarat, balak, linau, and many more” has a function to give some additional massage of the sentence. 17. Meanwhile there are tapis pesisir such as tapis inuh, cucuk handak and the tapis semako. Meanwhile there tapis pesisir such as tapis inuh, cucuk handak and the tapis semako Conjunctive Unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme In this sentence, we found two themes, that are textual and topical. “meanwhile” is a textual theme since its function as a conjuctive adjunct. And “there” is functioning as the subject of the clause so that it is an unmarked topical theme. The clause the remaining is “tapis pesisir such as tapis inuh, cucuk handak and the tapis semako” 18. Finally, tapis way kanan consists of tapis jung sarat, tapis balak, tapis pucuk, rebung, tapis halomgabo, tapis kaca, tapik kuning, tapislawok halom, tapis tuha, tapis raja medal, and tapis lawok silung. Finally tapis way kanan consists of tapis jung sarat, tapis balak, tapis pucuk, rebung, tapis halomgabo, tapis kaca, tapik kuning, tapislawok halom, tapis tuha, tapis raja medal, and tapis lawok silung Conjunctive Unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara The sentence above is multiple themes. It consists and textual and topical theme. Textual theme is indicated by “finally” word which is the temporal conjuctive adjuct. While the topical theme is “tapis way kanan” which is unmarked because it is the subject of the sentence. 19. Here are many types tapis cloths with different colors and motives There many types tapis cloths with different colors and motives. Simple Theme Rheme The above sentence is the simple theme because the theme is not more than one. The theme in this sentence is “there” and the additional massage is “many types tapis clothes with different color and motives” 20. Every motive has its own philosophical meaning. Every motive has its own philosophical meaning Simple theme Rheme The participant of the sentence is “Every motive”. It is also the main message for the sentence. And the remaining clause is “has its own philosophica meaning”, it has the function as the additional message that follow the main message. Universitas Sumatera Utara 21. For example, the jung, or ship motive means that in order to achieve an aim, we need a plan and infrastructure, maximum effort and discipline. For example the jung or ship motive means that in order to achieve an aim, we need a plan and infrastructure, maximum effort and discipline Conjunctive Unmarked Conjunction Unmarked Textual Topical Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme This sentence has two themes that are topical and textual themes. “for example” is the textual theme which is a conjunctive, and “or” is a conjunction. Then unmarked topical is “the jung”, and “ship motive” which are also has function as the subject of the sentence. 22. The pucuk rebung bamboo shoots motive means that family ties can’t be destroyed The pucuk rebung bamboo shoots motive means That family ties can’t be destroyed Unmarked Relative Unmarked Topical Textual Topical Theme Rheme Multiple Theme Rheme This sentence can be divided into two clauses that have complex theme. First clause has the unmarked topical theme as the subject “The pucuk rebung bamboo shoots motive” while the rheme is “means”. Then the second clause has two themes thay are textual and topical themes. Textual theme is “that” as relative and it has “family ties” as unmarked topical and as the second subject of the sentence. Universitas Sumatera Utara 23. That is why we must help one another to solve a problem. That is why We must help one another to solve a problem Conjunctive Relative Vocative Textual Textual Interpersonal Multiple Theme Rheme This sentence consists of two themes, textual themes and interpersonal themes. Textual theme is shown in “that is” which is a conjunctive adjunct, and “why” as wh-relative. Then the interpersonal theme is “we” which is vocative. While the additional message is in “must help one another to solve a problem”. 24. Apart from that this motive reminds us to always keep in touch with family. Apart from that this motive reminds us to always keep in touch with family conjunctive Unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme This sentence consists of textual and topical theme. Textual theme in this sentence is “Apart from that” which is a conjunctive. While “this motive” is unmarked topical because it is the main subject of the sentence. 25. The flower motive reminds one to work tidily, beautifully and creatively The flower motive reminds one to work tidily, beautifully and creatively Simple Theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara The participant of the clause is “The flower motive”. It is also the main message for the sentence. And the remaining clause is “reminds one to work tidily, beautifully and creatively”, it has the function as the additional message that follow the main message. 26. So that others will be able to enjoy it. so that others will be able to enjoy it conjunction unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The sentence above consists of textual and topical theme. Textual theme in this sentence is “so that” which functioning as a subordinator conjunction. While “others” is unmarked topical since it is functioned as the main subject of the sentence. 27. The pohon hayat motive means that our succes or failure in life or work is dependent on our connections. The pohon hayat motive motive means that our succes or failure in life or work is dependent on our connections Simple Theme Rheme The participant of the clause above is “The pohon hayat motive” which is also the main message for the sentence. And the remaining clause is “motive means that our succes or failure in life or work is dependent on our connections”, it is functioned as the additional message that follow the main message. Universitas Sumatera Utara 28. From the technological side, tapis makers rarely use natural colors From the technological side tapis makers rarely use natural colors and materials and rarely use traditional methods to produce good guality tapis nowadays. Marked Unmarked Modal Topical Topical interpersonal Multiple Theme Rheme The sentence above consists of topical and interpersonal theme. Marked topical in this sentence is “From the technological side” while an unmarked topical is “tapis makers” due to its function as the subject of the sentence. The interpersonal theme is “rarely” which functioning as a modal. The rheme of the sentence is “use natural colors and materials and rarely use traditional methods to produce good guality tapis nowadays.” 29. Previously, citronella roots were used to preserve the thread. Previously citronella roots were used to preserve the thread Marked Unmarked topical Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The above sentence consists of topical theme. Marked theme is “Previously” which is functioned as an adverbial phrase. Unmarked theme is “citronella roots” which functioning as the main subject and the main message of the sentence. While “were used to preserve the thread” is the rheme of the clause. Universitas Sumatera Utara 30. Betel leaves were used to preserve the colors. Betel leaves were used to preserve the colors Simple Theme Rheme The participant of the clause is above “Betel leaves”. It is also the main message for the sentence. And the remaining clause is “were used to preserve the colors”, due to its function as the additional message that follow the main message. 31. Betel nut, henna, and kejal wood were used for the red colouring. Betel nut, henna, and kejal wood were used for the red colouring Simple theme Rheme The sentence above has the main subject, it is “Betel nut, henna, and kejal wood”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “were used for the red colouring” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 32. Salam and rambutan wood were used to make black. Salam and rambutan wood were used to make black Simple Theme Rheme The participant of the clause above is “ salam and rambutan” . It is also the main message for the sentence. And the remaining clause is “were used to make black”, due to its function as the additional message that follow the main message. 33. Mahogany and durian wood were used to make brown. Mahogany and durian wood were used to make brown Simple Theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara The main subject of the above clause is “Mahogany and durian wood”. It is also the point of the message of the clause. While “were used to make brown” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 34. Deduke fruit and tolom leaves were used for blue. Deduke fruit and tolom leaves were used for blue Simple Theme Rheme The main subject of the clause above is “Deduke fruit and tolom leaves”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “were used for blue” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 35. Turmeric and lime stone paste were used for yellow. Turmeric and lime stone paste were used for yellow Simple Theme Theme The main subject of the clause is “Turmeric and lime stone paste”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “were used for yellow” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 36. The woven tapis cloth was originally used as a sarong. The woven tapis cloth was originally used as a sarong Simple Theme Rheme The main subject of the above clause is “The woven tapis cloth”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “was originally used as a sarong” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. Universitas Sumatera Utara 37. The cloths were made by women, both young girls and housewives. The clothes were made by women, both young girls and housewives Simple Theme Rheme The main subject of above clause is “The clothes”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “were made by women, both young girls and housewives” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 38. The main use was as a handicraft to fill leisure time as well as for sacred traditional ceremonies. The main use was as a handicraft to fill leisure time as well as for sacred traditional ceremonies Simple Theme Rheme The main subject is “The main use”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “is was as a handicraft to fill leisure time as well as for sacred traditional ceremonies” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 39. In its development, the tapis is not only used as a sarong for women and in adat ceremonies. In its development the tapis is not only used as a sarong for women and in adat ceremonies Marked Unmarked Topical Theme Rheme The above sentence consists of topical theme. Marked theme is “In its development” which is an adverbial. Unmarked theme is “the tapis ” which has a function as the main subject and Universitas Sumatera Utara the main message of the sentence. While “is not only used as a sarong for women and in adat ceremonies” is the remaining message in the sentence. 40. Today, the tapis has evolved into being used for making clothes, wall coverings, interior and exterior decorations, wallets, key chains, and other souvenirs. Today the tapis has evolved into being used for making clothes, wall coverings, interior and exterior decorations, wallets, key chains, and other souvenirs Marked Unmarked Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The above sentence consists of topical theme. Marked theme is “Today” which is an adverbial phrase. Unmarked theme is “the tapis ” due to its function as the main subject and the main message of the sentence. While “has evolved into being used for making clothes, wall coverings, interior and exterior decorations, wallets, key chains, and other souvenirs” is the remaining message in the sentence. 41. In fact, designers originating from Lampung, such as Aan Ibrahim, Raswan and also Ramli have been inspired by the tapis cloth and have used it in their creations. In fact Designers originating from Lampung Conjunctive Adjuct Unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The above sentence consists of textual and topical theme. Textual theme in this sentence is “in fact” which functioning as a verifactive conjunctive adjunct. While “designers” is unmarked topical because it is the main subject of the sentence. Universitas Sumatera Utara 42. Aan ibrahim Raswan and also Ramli have been inspired by the tapis cloth and have used it in their creations. Aan Ibrahim, Raswan and also Ramli have been inspired by the tapis cloth and have used it in their creations Comp.nominaunmarked Topical Theme Rheme The above sentence consists of topical theme that is “Aan Ibrahim, Raswan and also Ramli” which functioning as the subject of the clause and it is a complex nomina and functioning as unmarked topical theme. While the additional clause is “have been inspired by the tapis cloth and have used it in their creations”. 43. Today, the tapis cloth is produced with many different designs. Today the tapis cloth is produced with many different designs Marked Unmarked Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The point of the message in the sentence is “the tapis cloth” so it is the unmarked topical theme. Marked theme is “today” which is an adverbial. While the remaining clause is “is produced with many different designs” included as rheme. Universitas Sumatera Utara 44. As a commodity, the tapis has a high value and is produced en masse, in home industry and professional workshops. As a commodity the tapis has a high value and is produced en masse, in home industry and professional workshops Conjunctive Adjunct Unmarked Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The sentence above has two themes, topical and textual theme. Topical theme is “the tapis” and it is also unmarked topical because it is the subject of the sentence. The textual theme is “as a comodity” which is a conjunctive adjunct. 45. Nowadays, the tapis cloth industry is no longer dominated by the original inhabitants of lampung. Nowadays the tapis cloth industry is no longer dominated by the original inhabitants of lampung. Marked Unmarked Topical Multiple theme Rheme This sentence consists of topical theme. Marked theme is “nowadays” which is an adverbial. Unmarked theme is “the tapis cloth industry” which has a function as the main subject and the main message of the sentence. While “is no longer dominated by the original inhabitants of lampung” is the remaining message in the sentence. 46. Many people have come to the region to work in the industry. Many people have come to the region to work in the industry Simple Theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara The above sentence has the main subject, it is “Many people”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “have come to the region to work in the industry” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 47. After studying the craft in workshops and professional industries, young entrepreneurs set up independent companies. After studying the craft in workshops and professional industries young entrepreneurs set up independent companies Conjunctive Marked Unmarked Textual Topical Topical Multiple Theme Rheme Theme Rheme The above sentence consists of two themes that are textual and topical theme. “After” is textual theme due to its function as a conjunctive phrase, while the topical theme is “studying the craft” which functioning as subject of the sentence and the point of message in the sentence. The rheme is “in workshops and professional industries” as the remain massage of the sentence. 48. The Lampung tapis is famous both as a souvenir and a traditional quality product from the area. The Lampung tapis is famous both as a souvenir and a traditional quality product from the area. Simple Theme Rheme The main subject of the clause above is “The Lampung tapis”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “is famous both as a souvenir and a traditional quality product from the area.” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. Universitas Sumatera Utara 49. It is not difficult to find tapis cloth in Lampung. It is not difficult to find tapis cloth in Lampung Simple Theme Rheme The main subject of the clause above is “it”. It is also the point of the message of the sentence. While “is not difficult to find tapis cloth in Lampung” is only the additional information remaining in the sentence. 50. Many souvenir shops, art galleries and workshops in Bandar Lampung display tapis cloths for sale. Many souvenir shops, art galleries and workshops in Bandar Lampung display tapis cloths for sale. Unmarked Adverbial Topical Topical Multiple Theme Rheme The unmarked topical theme in this sentence is “many souvenir shops, art galleries and workshop”. The clause also has a function as the subject of the sentence. Marked topical theme is “in Bandar Lampung” which functioning as an adverbial phrase. While the remaining clause is “display tapis clothes for sale” is the rheme. 51. The Lampung tapis cloth is a cultural heritage which has been passed on across generations and must be protected. The Lampung tapis cloth is a cultural heritage Simple Theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara The main message of the above sentence found in “the Lampung tapis cloth” which also has a function as the main subject of the sentence. The additional information found in the remaining clause “is a cultural heritage” which is called rheme. 52. The Lampung tapis which has been passed on across generations and must be protected The Lampung tapis which has been passed on across generations and must be protected Unmarked Relative Topical Textual Multiple Theme Rheme Multiple themes are found in the above senctence, they are topical theme and textual theme. “the Lampung tapis” is functioned as the subject of the sentence and unmarked topical theme. The textual theme found is “which” which is functioning as relative phrase. 53. The government should take an active role and patent it. The government should take an active role and patent it. Simple Theme Rheme The main subject of the clause above is “the government” and it is the point of the message in the sentence. The additional message remaining is “should take an active role and patent it” which is called rheme. Universitas Sumatera Utara 54. This is so that it can’t be claimed by other countries as their heritage, as has happened recently with a number of cases of cultural heritage being claimed by Malaysia. This is So that it can’t be claimed by other countries as their heritage, as has happened recently with a number of cases of cultural heritage being claimed by Malaysia Conjunctive Adjunct conjunctive Unmarked Textual Textual Topical Multiple Theme Rheme This sentence has two themes, they are textual and topical theme. “that is” is the appositive conjunctive adjunct and “so that” is subordinator conjucntion and they are classified in to textual theme. The subject of the sentence is “it” so it is unmarked, and it is topical theme.

4.2 Finding