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method. Thesis will listen to each pronunciation in English is done by Marc Marquez in 22 interviews. In a research of phonological interference is necessary
to know sound system of both languages. Therefore knowing the sound system of both languages is important. With knowing the sound system of both languages, it
will more easily to found deviations, violations, or mistakes that may be made by bilingual speakers because it uses the system first language in the use of a second
language which is commonly known as phonological interference. So, knowing the sound system of both language is very helpful because phonological
interference research can be traced every mistakes made in pronunciation by bilingual speakers in second languages.
This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method. This method will analyze the qualitative data, in the form of word and describe it. This method will provide
an explanation of Spanish phonological interference. Although using descriptive qualitative method, this thesis also calculates the frequency of Spanish
phonological interference which occurs. According to Djajasudarma in Fiktulloh 2011: 30-31, qualitative method in linguistics is always supported by
quantitative calculation in terms of the data. In analyzing the Spanish phonological interference in this thesis, there are a
few simple stages. First, the data, which is the utterances or speech of Marc Marquez in English, is collected from the YouTube. Second, the videos as data
source, which is the get Spanish phonological interference, is selected, and transcribed into written form. Then, the data that have Spanish phonological
interference, is grouped and transcribed into phonetically form. The transcript the
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data is classified and identified based on their deviations. Furthermore, the data is analysis, the writer use Oxford Dictionary for analyze the word that get Spanish
phonological interference. The last, the result of the analysis is concluded
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Data Description
The data consist of 250 words from 22 transcribed interviews of Marc Marquez in English. The data were limited only on 6 types of phonological
interference based on Ternes theory’s.
4.1.1 Analysis
In the book Probleme der kontrastiven phonetic 1976: 6, Ternes states that interference occurs when bilingual use habits pronunciations or hearing his
native language into a second language. Ternes in Siregar 2009: 19-21 states 6 types of phonological
interference. Those 6 types of phonological interference are: identification, replacement phoneme with another phoneme, sorting a phoneme into two
phonemes, sorting a phoneme into three phonemes, deletion of a phoneme and the merger of two phonemes into one phoneme.
There are 250 words which get interference phonology of the Spanish language, as the native language of the speakers. All that word are categorized
based on characteristics of 6 types of phonological interference proposed by Ternes. Each word can categorized into two or three types of phonological
interference. 1
Identification
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This not a negative transfer but positive transfer. It means the speakers are not experiencing any difficulty in pronouncing words in a second language
because the phonological similarity between the first language and second language. In this thesis, the author did not analyze the data that is experiencing
positive transfer. Therefore, of the 22 video, no data are included in the category of phonological interference identification.
2 Replacement Phoneme with Another Phoneme
This interference occurs when speakers use phoneme of his first language in pronouncing phoneme of second language. This is caused the first language
does not have the phoneme as second language. Speaker will matching the phoneme and pronounce that phonemes with the suitable phoneme of first
language. In short, the speaker will replace phoneme of second language, which does not exist in the first language or not in accordance with the phonological
system of first language, with existing phoneme and accordance phoneme with first language.
Table 4.1. Replacement Phoneme with Another Phoneme on Marc Marquez Utterances
No. Words
Marquez Utterances
English Utterances Replacement of
Phoneme
1 that
dat ðæt
Phoneme ð d
Phoneme æ a
2 job
joβ d
ʒɒb Phoneme d
ʒ j
Phoneme ɒ
o
3 hobby
xo ˈβi
ˈhɒbi Phoneme h
x Phoneme
ɒ o
4 not
not n
ɒt Phoneme
ɒ o
