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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter reports and discusses the research findings from the data that had been already collected. The findings and discussions are elaborated in data
description, testing hypotheses, research discussions, and limitations or challenges that were found as the research was being conducted.
A. Data Description 1. Critical Thinking Ability Data
The critical thinking ability of the sixth semester students of Department of English Education is determined by calculating the number of the correct
responses in the critical thinking test. This is illustrated in Figure 4.1 as follows:
Figure 4.1 Histogram of Frequency Distribution of Critical Thinking Ability
Figure 4.1 above reveals that from 60 participants conducting the critical thinking test, the most frequently occurring scores Mode are at the grouped
score or interval score 45.93 −52.22 with 20 participants. Besides, 5 participants
are found to have the highest score indicated by the last highest interval score 64.83−71.12, and 2 participants are in the last lowest interval score 27.03−33.32.
Moreover, the description of the critical thinking ability data is described in detail in Table 4.1 as follows:
5 10
15 20
25
F re
qu ency
Grouped Score
Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics of Critical Thinking Ability Data
Mode 51.35
Median 51.35
Mean 50.14
Minimum 27.03
Maximum 70.27
Range 43.24
Semi-interquartile Range 13.51
Standard Deviation 8.99
Variance Coefficient 17.82
Skewness -0.11
Standard Error of Skewness 0.31
Skewness Ratio -0.35
Kurtosis -0.09
Standard Error of Kurtosis 0.61
Kurtosis Ratio -0.14
Based on Table 4.1 above, the central tendency distribution of critical thinking ability data of the 60 sixth semester students Department of English
Education is indicated by the mode, mean, median, minimum, and maximum scores. In this case, it is found that the most frequently score Mode of critical
thinking ability data is 51.35. Next, the middle point in the data distribution Median found is 51.35. Besides, the average score is shown by the Mean score
50.14. Meanwhile, the lowest score Minimum obtained is 27.03, and the highest score Maximum found is 70.27.
In addition, the dispersion or variability distribution of critical ability data is shown by the scores of range, semi-interquartile range, standard deviation,
variance coefficient, skewness, and kurtosis. First, based on Table 4.1 represented above, the range score between maximum and minimum scores found is 43.24.
The next indicator of variability which is based on the range of the middle 50 percent of the test scores is shown by the semi-interquartile range score 13.51.
Besides, the standard deviation score found is 8.99. Meanwhile, the percentage of the comparison between standard deviation and the mean scores is shown by the
coefficient variance 17.82. Next, the dispersion shape of the data distribution is indicated by skewness and kurtosis scores found respectively are -0.11 and -0.09
both of these scores indicates that the shape of data dispersion is slightly-left
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