because she has not known how to interact with their environment. It is because she grows up without enough care of her parents. Because of the differences of
situation condition, it affects their attitude and their language use. The second problem is related to speech act phenomenon. In this film,
there are many utterances expressing the characters intentions. The characters use various kinds of speech act to convey their intention. Those various kinds of
speech act can be used to analyze the meaning utterances by the main characters both the implied meaning and the explicit meaning.
Due to the limitation of the limit time and knowledge of the researcher, this research only focuses on the first problem stated above, that is, the
differences of language use between the main characters. The researcher analyzes the politeness strategies and politeness principles used by the main characters in
this movie. Since the classifications of politeness study provided by theorists vary in detail, the classification of politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson 1978
and politeness principles by Leech 1983 are chosen.
C. Research Objectives
Based on the research focus, the objectives of the research are stated as follows:
1. to identify the politeness strategies applied by the main characters in Uptown
Girls, and
2. to describe the politeness principles underlying the preference of the main
characters in Uptown Girls in choosing a certain politeness strategy in their communication.
D. Research Significance
This research has both theoretical and practical significance. 1.
Theoretical Significance It is expected that this research can give information and enrich the
specific knowledge in linguistics field especially on politeness. 2.
Practical Significance Practically, this research is expected to be useful for the following parties.
a. Students of Linguistics Concentration
This research will be useful for them as an authentic source of study in Pragmatics because it gives contributions about the analysis of politeness,
especially in politeness strategies and politeness principles. b.
English Lecturers This research can be used as the material and example in teaching about
politeness. Furthermore, it can be used to increase the lecturers’ insight concerning this language phenomenon
6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is theoretical review. It deals with the description of Pragmatics, Politeness Strategies and Politeness
Principles, and
Uptown Girls
. The second part is the previous study. It describes a previous research which has a similar topic to
this research. The third part is the conceptual framework and the analytical construct. It shows the concepts which are
referred in conducting this study and draws how this research is conducted.
A. Theoretical Review
1. Pragmatics
Yule 1996:3 defines pragmatics as the study that focuses on the meaning as communicated by a speaker and interpreted by a listener. This type of study
necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a particular context and how the context influences what is said. Grundy 2000:3 said that pragmatics is
the study that discusses how to produce utterances and comprehend what people say
in daily conversation although maybe they use unfamiliar language. In addition, Leech 1983: 11 explained that general pragmatics is abstraction
between the study of language in total abstraction from situation, and the study of more socially specialized uses of language. Deixis is one of the topics under
pragmatics. It is a strategy employed by a speaker to achieve a variety of goals, such
