Previous Studies LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In answering the second research question that is the types of politeness principles, a classification made by Leech 1983 in Watts 2003 is used. The
classification of politeness principles is: tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and sympathy maxim.
Tact maxim is minimizing cost to other and maximizing benefit to other. Generosity maxim is minimizing benefit to self and maximizing cost to self.
Approbation maxim is minimizing dispraise of other and maximizing praise of other. Modesty maxim is minimizing praise of self and maximizing praise of other.
Agreement maxim is minimizing disagreement between self and other and maximizing agreement between self and other. Sympathy maxim is minimizing
antipathy between self and other and maximizing sympathy between self and other.
An analytical construct diagram is drawn to outline the theories used in this research, which is shown on the following page.
Figure 2. Analytical Construct 30
Script of
Uptown Girls
Movie Pragmatics
Politeness
Politeness Principle Politeness
Tact Maxim
Bald On Record Generosity
Maxim
Positive Politeness
Approbation Maxim
Off Record
Negative Politeness
Modesty Maxim
Agreement Maxim
Sympathy Maxim
Cooperative Principle
Speech Act
Implicature Presupposition
Deixis
Giving Hints Giving Association
Clues Presupposing
Understating Overstating
Using Tautologies Using
Contradictions Being Ironic
Using Metaphors Using Rhetorical
Questions Being Ambiguous
Being Vague Over-Generalizing
Displacing H Being Incomplete,
Using Ellipsis Being Indirect
Questioning Using Hedge
Being Pessimistic Minimizing The
Imposition Giving Defence
Apoligizing Impersonalizing The
Speaker and The Hearer.
Stating The FTA as a General Rule
Nominalizing Going On Record as
Incurring a Debt Noticing to Hearer
Exaggerating Intensifying Interest to
Hearer Using in-Group
Identity Markers in Speech
Seeking Agreement Avoiding
Disagreement Presupposing, Raising,
Common Ground. Joking to Put The
Hearer at Ease. Presupposing
Knowledge for Hearer’s Wants.
Offering, Promising Being Optimistic
Including Both S and H in The Activity
Giving or Asking for Reasons
Showing Disagreement
Giving Suggestion
Requesting Warning
Using Imperative Form
Farewell Offers
Task Oriented
Face
Positive Face Negative Face
Language Context
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