Problem Limitation Research Problem

F. Definition of Terms

This section defines the key words or phrases specifically used in the study in order to clarify concepts and avoid misinterpretation. Definition of terms is not merely a list of definitions suggested by various sources or experts. 1. Auxiliary Stimulus Stimulus-Response paradigm is always mediated by auxiliary stimulus Vygotsky, 1978. Auxiliary stimulus represents the fact that human person is always mediated in relating with reality outside which can be language, cultural values, memory, and many other psychological tools. Vygotsky 1978 views auxiliary stimuli as highly diverse which include several things. They are tools of the culture, language, and ingenious means. In the classroom, auxiliary stimulus can be pictures, samples, songs, and many other things. 2. Choral Response Choral response is a very simple technique in which the teacher asks questions to the class as a whole and the students answer in unison. Choral response requires each student to respond in unison when the teacher gives a signal Wolery et al., 1992. This fast paced method maintains students’ active engagement and increases student responding Kamps et., 1994. Choral response can result in very high rates of active responding and requires no materials to be implemented Heward, 1994. 8 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 3. Appropriate Response In a conversation, the elements of appropriate preferred and inappropriate un-preferred response are crucial for the understanding of the intrinsic nature of social interaction which theorist Goffman 1967 described as face-to-face interaction. Bianco 2010 made a conclusion that an appropriate response or preferred response is a response that is expected by the first speaker who gives the instances. For example when someone greets his friend, the response will be a greeting as well. 4. Santo Yusuf Kindergarten Students Kindergarten TK is the formal form of early childhood education Pendidikan Anak Usia DiniPAUD in Indonesia. Based on the Regulation of Indonesian Government No. 27 year 1990 http:www.kemdiknas.go.idkemdikbudsitesdefaultfilessurat-edaran dikdasmen.pdf, ea rly childhood education in Indonesia consists of formal PAUD, Non-formal PAUD, and informal PAUD. Santo Yusuf Kindergarten is one of the kindergartens in Sleman, Yogyakarta. This kindergarten has two levels; A and B. Grade A students are the first grader who are between 4-5 years old. Grade B students are the second grader who are between 5-6 years old. Those children are the students of Santo Yusuf Kindergarten. 9