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Product Revision, Main Field Testing, Operational Product Revision, Operational Field Testing, Final Product Revision, and Dissemination and Implementation Borg
and Gall, 1983: 775. However, because of limitation in time and capacity, the writer decided to adapt the R D cycle. The writer would apply five steps. Those steps are:
1. Research and Information Collecting
In this study, Research and Information Collecting included the rationale of the study, literature review, and classroom observation. The importance of this step
was to describe as specifically as possible the educational product that was to be developed in this study. Therefore, in this step the writer collected the data from the
first grade students of SMP N 3 Sleman as well as the English teachers. There are four ways to gain information, that is, review of literature,
interview, questionnaire, and classroom observation. In this study, the data would be gathered through questionnaire. The data gathered consisted of the importance of
English reading skill and students’ perceptions and experiences toward English reading class. Furthermore, information and opinion from the English teachers of
SMP N 3 Sleman about the topic choices suitable with the first grade students and their teaching experiences especially in teaching reading were also needed.
Considering this cycle, the writer conducted a survey. The survey was conducted because the writer needed to find the needs of the students before she
designed the materials. A survey research is one of the common forms of research engaged by educational researchers. The writer asked questions to a number of
English language teachers about a particular topic or issue. This asking of questions, all related to the issue of interest, is called survey and it could be done in a number of
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ways, like face-to-face with individuals or groups, by mail or by telephone. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but obtaining answers from a large
number of people to a set of carefully designed and administered questions lies at the heart of survey research Fraenkel and Wallen, 1996: 342. Moreover, according to
Sprinthall 1993: 3, a survey is designed to gather information from samples occasionally, even some populations by using questionnaires or sometimes an
interview. There were two surveys conducted in this study. The first survey was needs survey and the second survey was the evaluation of the designed materials
survey.
2. Planning
