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7. The effects of the intrinsic difficulty of the particular item
being learned Richards and Sampson, 1977: 4.
2. Verb plus Verbal Noun Collocation
In this thesis, the writer analyzes verb plus verbal noun collocation. This type of collocation was introduced by Newmark. He states that the verb is the
collocation for which the translator must find the appropriate corresponding. The verbs in these collocations merely have an operative function means do and no
particular meaning since the action is expressed in the noun. For example are pay attention, suffer a defeat, run a meeting, make a speech, etc Newmark, 1981:
114. Verbal noun in this collocation based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means noun derived from the verb. Based on Cambridge Advanced
Lerner’s Dictionary, verbal noun means something that relates to words. Besides, Newmark affirms that the meaning of verb plus verbal noun collocation is
expressed in the noun and the verb itself has implicit operative function means do. Therefore, the meaning of the verb plus verbal noun collocation is expressed by
the noun. According to Moehkardi 2002, verb plus verbal noun collocation belongs
to a lexical collocation. For example is in the lexical collocation collect stamps. It can be collect foreign stamps as cited by Moehkardi from Greenbaum, 1970.
There are some verb plus verbal noun collocation used in the test as the instrument. They are separated into two kinds, fixed and loose collocation. Fixed
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means idiomatic and it sounds naturally English. Besides, loose means it does not sound naturally English or it is translated from word to word Nattinger and
DeCarrico, 1992 as quoted by Moehkardi, 2002. Some books and dictionaries related to verb plus verbal noun collocation are used in separating those
collocations into fixed and loose collocation. Some kinds of collocation taken from Oxford Collocation Dictionary are shown as follows.
Table 2.2: Fixed and Loose Verb plus Verbal noun collocation
No. Bahasa Indonesia
Fixed Verb plus Verbal Noun Collocation
Loose Verb plus Verbal Noun Collocation
1. Memberi penghargaan
Pay a respect Give a reward
Give an award Give an appreciation
Show respect Grant an award
2. Memberi pidato
Deliver a speech Make a speech
Read a speech Give a speech
3. Membatalkan janji
Break a promise Cancel a promise
Break a appointment Cancel an appointment
4. Melemparkan pertanyaan
Address a question Throw a question
Ask a question Give a question
5. Melemparkan ciuman
Blow a kiss Plant a kiss
Lay a kiss Throw a kiss
Give a kiss 6.
Menarik perhatian Draw attention
Grab attention Call attention
Attract attention Catch attention
7. Mengadakan kunjungan
Pay a visit Make a visit
Take a visit Give a visit
Have a visit Arrange a visit
Organize a visit Conduct a visit
8. Menyampaikan berita
Deliver news Convey news
Report news Inform news
Presents news Broadcast news
Read news Tell news
Continued
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9. Membawa kesengsaraan
Bring povertymisery suffering
Give povertymisery suffering
Cause povertymisery suffering
Create povertymisery suffering
10. Memupuskan rencana
Cancel a plan Drop a plan
Break a plan Eliminate a plan
11. Menjalankan bisnis
Run a business Handle a business
Do a business Conduct a business
Operate a business Manage a business
12. Memenuhi kebutuhan
Meet the needs Supply the needs
Serve the needs Ful fill the needs
Satisfy the needs
13. Menderita kekalahan
Suffer a defeat Experience a defeat
Get loss 14.
Melahirkan bayi Deliver a baby
Give birth to a baby Have born to a baby
15. Melambaikan salam
perpisahan Wave goodbye
Say goodbye Give goodbye
Wave hand
3. Collocation in Translation