know some theories about reading, test, design and test development. Moreover, the writer needed to know the school’s curriculum and syllabus to enable the
writer to define the design statement. In this step, the writer had produced the overall design statement, which would be used as a guideline to produce the test.
2. Planning
In the second step, planning, Borg and Gall 1983: 781 stated that a good plan can help the developer avoid much wasted work during later phases of good
R D cycle. The writer did the planning by doing operationalization of Bachman’s and
Palmer’s Test Development, which was included selecting and specifying the materials to construct the test. By doing selecting and specifying the materials the
writer would be able to make a blueprint of the test. A blueprint contained a test structure and test task specifications. A test structure contained number of
partstasks, salience of parts, sequence of parts, relative importance of partstasks, and number of tasks per part. Test task specifications contained purpose of the
test, definition of construct s, setting, time allotment, instructions, characteristics of input and expected response, and scoring method. This step would be done by
conducting library study.
3. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
Then the writer did the third step which was developing preliminary form of product.” Developing preliminary form of product includes preparation of
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instructional materials handbooks, and evaluation devices.” Borg Gall, 1983: 775
In this fourth step, the writer applied the last activity of operationalization which was writing the test. Bachman and Palmer states that operationalization
involves developing and writing actual test tasks, writing instructions, and specifying the procedures for scoring the test. Therefore, in this step the writer
made the test, answers, and scoring system.
4. Preliminary Field testing
The writer conducted preliminary field testing by doing a stage of administration Bachman’s and Palmer’s Test Development. Administration
consisted of four activities: administering, collecting feedback, analyzing, archiving. The participants of this step are the tenth grade students of Pangudi
Luhur St. Yosef Surakarta Senior High School in 20092010 academic year as well as the English teacher who taught the tenth grade students of Luhur St. Yosef
Surakarta Senior High School in 20092010 academic year. Administering activity would involve conducting the test to the students of the tenth grade of Pangudi
Luhur St. Yosef Surakarta Senior High School in 20092010 academic year as the test-takers and distributing the questionnaire to the English teacher. After that, the
writer collected the students’ answer sheets and feedback from the English teacher as the data, this activity was involved in collecting feedback. From the data
gathered, the writer would analyze the students’ answer sheet to investigate construct validity of the test through counting IF, ID, and distractor efficiency of
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the test’s items. Furthermore, the writer also analyzed the feedback from the questionnaire to investigate face validity and content validity.
5. Main Product Revising
