D. Theoretical Framework
There are some theories applied in order to answer the problem formulated in this study. First, theory of critical approach which is theory of sociocultural
approach is used to analyze the problem. In analyzing mother-daughter relationships and their conflicts, I use some theories and reviews from Noller and
Fitzpatrick, Deutsch, and Hsu. These two novels are about mother-daughter relationships and their conflicts, so it is important to know the basic theories of
mother-daughter relationships and why conflicts raise in order to get better understanding.
In analyzing the cultural conflicts, I use some theories from Gillin and Gillin, Baron and Byrne, Noller and Fitzpatrick, Deutsch, and Nadeau. This study
concerns on the effects of the cultural conflicts on the mother-daughter relationships as seen in the two novels. It is important to know the basic theories
of conflict in culture, in family, and specifically in mother-daughter relationship. In analyzing the culture, I apply several theories and reviews from Harris,
Kane, During, Hsu, Smith, Anshen, Meyer, Nanquin and Rawski, and Bloomfield. These reviews on culture helped me analyze the effects of the cultural conflicts on
the mother-daughter relationships. Moreover, these reviews on culture are expected to help the readers to understand the novels because Chinese and
American culture have special role in these two novels.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains three parts. They are objects of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. The objects of the study concern the novels
analyzed namely The Bonesetter’s Daughter and The Joy Luck Club. The approach of the study deals with the approach used in analyzing these two novels.
The method of the study presents the steps in doing this research.
A. Objects of the Study
The objects of the study are The Bonesetter’s Daughter and The Joy Luck Club written by Amy Tan. The Bonesetters Daughter, published in 2001, is Amy
Tans fourth novel. It consists of 403 pages. This novel deals with the relationship between an American-born Chinese woman and her immigrant mother. The
Bonesetters Daughter is divided into two major stories. The first part of the novel tells about Ruth, a Chinese-American woman living in San Francisco. LuLing, her
mother, seems to be increasingly forgetful, and often makes bizarre comments about her family and her own past. Ruth has “neglected” her mother for a moment
because she thinks that her mother was so different even in their perception about life. Ruth feels that they cannot go along as mother and daughter. In many things
they do not understand each other and Ruth herself cannot understand her mother and how she thinks. However, in the end of the first story, Ruth tries to understand
her mother, to know more the background of her mother and why her mother
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