The stages of Kemp’s instructional materials design model can be clarified in the following figure:
Figure 1 The Instructional Design from Kemp
2.1.5 .2 Banathy’s Instructional Materials Design Model
Banathy 1968:3 stated that educational is a system. System has three components, namely purpose, process, and content. Purpose gives direction
to the system that is what should be done. Then, purpose determines the processes that have to be carried out in order to accomplish the purpose. And
in order that there will be a good process, there will be contents. Banathy 1968:18 suggest six strategies in the instructional system
development in education. They are formulating objectives, developing test, analyzing the learning task, designing system, implementing test output, and
changing to improve.
The stages of Banathy’s instructional materials design model can be clarified in the following figure:
Figure 2 The Instructional Design from Banathy
The following is explanation of the system: I.
Formulate objective The initial step is to formulate a statement about what we expect the
learners to do, know, and feel as a result of learning experience. II.
Develop criterion test The development is based on the stated objectives and uses it to test
terminal proficiency. The criterion test is used to measure the degree in which the learners have attained the objectives.
I Formulate
objectives
VI Change to
Improve V
Implement and Test Output
IV Design System
III Analyze
Learning Task
II Develop
Test
III. The analysis of the learning task
It is used to find out what has to be learned by the learners so that they can behave in the way described by the objectives’ specifications. The input
of the learners’ abilities must be assessed too. IV.
The design of the system This system is aimed to determine alternatives and to identify what
has to be done and how functional analysis, to determine what or who has the best potential to accomplish these functions component analysis, and to
determine here and when the functions are to be carried out design the system.
V. Implementation and quality control
The designed system is to be tried out, implemented, and installed. Finally the performance of the learners as the product of the system is to be
evaluated in order to measure the learners’ degree assessment to which they behave in the way initially described.
VI. Change to improve
The performance data is used as a feedback to adjust the system.
2.1.5 .3 Yalden’s Instructional Materials Design Model
