3.1 Opening Vignette:
Gotaas-Larsen Shipping
Corp. GLSC
Strategic planning
Not a structured decision situation
Cargo ship voyage planning
DSS: Data and Models
Large-scale DSS
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
3.2 DSS Configurations
Opening Vignette Illustrates that for the GLSC, the DSS
Supports an entire organization
Supports several interrelated decisions
Is used repeatedly and constantly
Has two major components: data and models
Utilizes a simulation model
Uses both internal and external data
Has “what-if” capabilities
Uses several quantitative models
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
DSS Definitions
Little [1970] “model-based set of procedures for
processing data and judgments to assist a manager in his decision making”
Assumption: that the system is computer-based and extends the user’s
capabilities.
Alter [1980] Contrasts DSS with traditional EDP
systems Table 3.1
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Dimension DSS EDP
Use Active
Passive
User Line and staf
management Clerical
Goal Efectiveness
Mechanical efficiency
Time Horizon
Present and future Past
Objective Flexibility
Consistency
Source: Alter [1980].
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Moore and Chang [1980] 1.
extendible systems 2.capable of supporting ad hoc data
analysis and decision modeling 3.oriented toward future planning
4.used at irregular, unplanned intervals
Bonczek et al. [1980] A computer-based system consisting of
1. a language system -- communication between the user and DSS components
2. a knowledge system 3. a problem-processing system--the link
between the other two components
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Keen [1980] DSS apply “to situations where a
`final’ system can be developed only through an adaptive process
of learning and evolution”
Central Issue in DSS support and improvement of
decision making
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
TABLE 3.2 Concepts Underlying DSS Definitions.
Source DSS Defined in Terms of
Gorry and Scott Morton [1971] Problem type, system function support
Little [1970] System function, interface
characteristics
Alter [1980] Usage pattern, system objectives
Moore and Chang [1980] Usage pattern, system capabilities
Bonczek, et al. [1996] System components
Keen [1980] Development process
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
DSS
A DSS is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable CBIS, specially developed for supporting the
solution of a non-structured management problem for improved decision making. It utilizes
data, it provides easy user interface, and it allows for the decision maker’s own insights
DSS may utilize models, is built by an interactive process frequently by end-users, supports all
the phases of the decision making, and may include a knowledge component
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Capabilities of DSS
DSS Figure 3.1
1. Provide support in semi-structured and unstructured situations
2. Support for various managerial levels 3. Support to individuals and groups
4. Support to interdependent andor sequential decisions
5. Support all phases of the decision- making process
6. Support a variety of decision-making processes and styles
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
7. Are adaptive 8. Have user friendly interfaces
9. Goal is to improve the efectiveness of decision making
10. The decision maker controls the decision-making process
11. End-users can build simple systems 12. Utilizes models for analysis
13. Provides access to a variety of data sources, formats, and types
Decision makers can make better, more consistent decisions in a timely manner
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
3.5 DSS Components
1. Data Management Subsystem
2. Model Management Subsystem 3. Knowledge Management
Subsystem 4. User Interface Subsystem
5. The User
Figure 3.2
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Subsystem
DSS database
Database management system
Data directory
Query facility Figure 3.3
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
D S
S In
F o
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s 3
. 2
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Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
DSS Database Issues
Data warehouse
Special independent DSS databases
Extraction of data from internal, external and private sources
Web browser access of data
Multimedia databases
Object-oriented databases
Commercial database management systems DBMS
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Subsystem
Mirrors the database management subsystem
Figure 3.4
Model Management Issues
Model level: Strategic, managerial tactical and operational
Modeling languages
Lack of standard MBMS activities. WHY?
Use of AI and Fuzzy logic in MBMS
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
DSS In Focus 3 .3: M
ajor Functions Capabilitie s of the
M BM
S
Cre ate
s m ode
ls e asily and quickly, e
ithe r from
scratch or from e
xisting m
o de
ls or fro m
the building
blocks.
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s use rs to
m anipulate
the m
o de
ls so the y can conduct
e xpe
rim e
nts and se nsitivity analyse
s rang ing
fro m
“w hat-if” to
g o
al se
e king
.
Store s, re
trie ve
s, and m anag
e s a w
ide varie
ty o f dif
e re
nt type s o
f m
o de
ls in a lo g
ical and inte g
rate d m
anne r.
Acce sse
s and inte g
rate s the
m ode
l building blo
cks.
Catalo g
s and displays the dire
ctory o f m
ode ls for use
by se ve
ral individuals in the
org anizatio
n.
Tracks m ode
ls data and application use .
Inte rre
late s m
ode ls w
ith appropriate linkag
e s w
ith the database
and inte
g rate
s the m
w ithin the
DSS.
M anag
e s and m
aintains the m
o de
l base w
ith m anag
e m
e nt functio
ns analo
g ous to database
m anag
e m
e nt: store
, acce ss, run, update
, link, catalog
, and que ry.
Use s m
ultiple m
ode ls to suppo
rt pro ble
m solving
.
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Management Subsystem
Provides expertise in solving complex unstructured and semi-
structured problems
Expertise provided by an expert system or other intelligent system
Advanced DSS have a knowledge management component
Leads to intelligent DSS
Example: Data mining
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Subsystem
Includes all communication between a user and the MSS
To most users, the user interface is the system
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
DSS In Focus 3.5: Major Capabilities of the UIMS
Provides graphical user interface.
Accommodates the user with a variety of input devices.
Presents data with a variety of formats and output devices.
Gives users “help” capabilities, prompting, diagnostic and
suggestion routines, or any other flexible support.
Provides interactions with the database and the model base.
Stores input and output data.
Provides color graphics, three-dimensional graphics, and data plotting.
Has windows to allow multiple functions to be displayed concurrently.
Can support communication among and between users and builders of MSS.
Provides training by examples guiding users through the input
and modeling process.
Provides flexibility and adaptiveness so the MSS will be able to
accommodate diferent problems and technologies.
Interacts in multiple, diferent dialog styles.
Captures, stores, and analyzes dialog usage tracking, to improve the dialog system. Tracking by the user is also available.
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson Copyright 1998, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
3.10 The User
Kategori