Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF LITERATURE

will be checked in the etymology dictionary to know the origin of the affix {en} and the stems. Then, the stem will be analyzed based on morphology feature such as syllable so the present writer will know if there is a connection between the characteristics to the reason the stems can be attached to the prefix {en-} or the suffix {-en} separately. For the second section, the data will be analyzed in based on phonology analysis. The analysis will include the phonology rule and the changes in the complex words. The first step is to try to identify the data that undergo phonology rules through the phonetics transcription of the stems and complex words. Then analyzing the phonological conditioning or the phonology rules that affect the word formation of the {en-} prefixation of {-en} suffixation. This step has the purpose to know the changes that occur when the word formation is happened. In the third section, the data will be analyzed based on the changes in meaning. First step is try to find out the meaning of the prefix {en-} and the suffix {-en} and the meaning of stems. The second step is to analyze the changes of meaning before and after the word formation. After finding the changes of the meaning, the complex words will be analyzed as the function change along with the meaning. this step has the purpose to know the affect of word formation on meaning and function and to analyze deeper on the characteristics of the complex word after the process of word formation. The fourth section, the data will be compared to see the differences on the data. The first step is to try to find the differences in the characteristics, phonological influence and the meaning of both the stem word and the complex word which are attached to the prefix {en-} or the suffix {-en} in the three previous section. The purpose of this step is to highlight the unique characteristics of each stems of the prefix {en-} or the suffix {-en} which influence the process of affixation.

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter will provide the result of the data collection and the analysis in order to answer the problems which are formulated in the sub-chapter problem formulation in chapter one. In analyzing the detail of the data, the present writer selected word that should be treated as the data or not, even though they also have morpheme {en} in the initial position or final position of the word with adjective stem. For example, the word encore is not included as the data because the word encore is not the result of word-formation in term of prefixation. Actually in English, we have word core , but the word core is not the stem of the word encore because it does not have similarity in concept between the word core and the word encore. The word encore is not composed by the prefix {en-} + stem core but it has been borrowed in form of complex word. The word encore was borrowed from French in early 18th centuries and still used until now. After collecting the data, the researcher found about six complex words of {en-} prefixation and twenty five complex words of {-en} suffixation with adjective stem. All of those words are collected from Oxford Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary . Totally, there are thirty two words collected as shown on the table below. Affix {en} Stem Occurrences Percentage Prefix Adjective 6 21,9 Suffix Adjective 25 78,1 Table 1. Data result of the prefix {en-} and the suffix {-en} on adjective stems