Perpetrator Character Definition of Terms 1. Motivation

13 The third one is the sociocultural-historical approach, “it investigates the social milieu in which a work was created and which it necessarily reflects” p.9. It emphasizes the use of historical and socio-cultural knowledge in examining literary works. It insists that the only way to understand a work is to refer to the civilization in which the attitudes and actions of a specific group of people is the subject matter. Literary works can therefore be a portrait of events at a certain moment in time. The fourth one is the mythopoeic approach, “it seeks to discover certain universally recurrent pattern of human thought, which they believe find expression in significant works of art” p.11. The universally recurrent patterns are those that found first expression in ancient myths and folk rites. Those are very basic to human thought that they have meaning to all men. They are often related to death and rebirth, guilt and sacrifices, primitive rites, and theological aspect of Christian doctrine, which are found in the ancient myth and folk rites. Through this approach, the mystical relationship in a story can be explained. The last one is psychological approach. It involves the effort to locate and to demonstrate certain recurrent patterns. It draws on a different body of knowledge, “one of the most powerful of the conflicts arising from the interplay of parts of the personality occurs early in childhood” p.13. This approach uses psychological theories to explain human motivation, personality, and behavior patterns written in literary objects. In this study, the psychological approach is employed to analyze the novel, since the analysis is mainly on the characters, the abuse, and the motivations 14 underlying the characters’ action. Those three elements are subordinate to the psychology field.

2. Character and Characterization a.

Character 1 Definition of Character Character is the most important part of a story, besides its plot and setting. Without character, there will be no story because stories are made to tell a tale of the character. Character is a reflection of a human individual in real life. In some novels which are autobiographies, the characters in the story actually exist in real life because the story is based on an actual person’s past experience. Abrams in his book entitled A Glossary of Literary Term 1993 clarifies that characters are the people in a dramatic or narrative work, interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say and by what they do p.20. By reading the descriptions, reader will be able to imagine and interpret the characters written by the author. In addition, Rohberger and Woods Jr. 1971 define character as a person who involves and acts out in a story in a particular time and place p.20 – p.21. It restricts the values of a character by means of certain time and place. In this study, characters are the people taking roles in the story. Those characters are alive in the real world of the author of the novel.