16 development, characters in a story are relatively flat or round p.69. This idea is
supported by Foster 1974 adding that flat character is also called static character
and round character is also called dynamic character p.53 – p.54. He explains the difference between those two based on whether or not those characters are
being developed in the story. A flat or static character is the same sort of person at the end of the story
as him or she is at the beginning. This type of character tends to stay the same throughout the story because only some traits of character are exaggerated. The
other aspects or traits are barely paid attention to. It represents a simpler character and hardly ever has the element of surprise.
Using round or dynamic characters is perfect for the authors to present a character in its wholeness and in its different aspects. This kind of character often
changes because it tends to react differently towards different situations andor people encountered.
In this study, character and its type: major or minor character, protagonist or antagonist character, flat or round character, are employed to analyze how
Carmen, Eastman, and Georgie Porgie serves as characters in Brisco’s Ugly.
b. Characterization
Characterization is important in studying characters. It analyses the character in depth to the extent necessary to justify the individual’s role and
existence in the story. To study the characters of Carmen, Eastman, and Georgie Porgie in this study, there are several ways need to be conducted.
17 M.J. Murphy in Understanding Unseens 1972 describes nine ways to
reveal the characterization of the characters which was made in attempts to be understandable and alive for the reader p.161 – p.173. Those nine ways are as
follows:
1 Personal Description
The author can describe the character from his appearance and clothes p.161. The easiest way to judge a person is through hisher appearance. The way they
look can tell a lot about their identity. For example: when the author says that the character wears a uniform and brings a backpack, we can easily conclude that the
character is a student.
2 Characters as Seen by Another Character
The author can describe a character by using the other characters’ opinion. Instead of describing a character directly, the author can describe him through the eyes
and opinions of another p.162. The encounters between one character and other characters will open a chance for the other character to explain and judge the
characteristics of a character.
3 Speech
The way someone speaks up hisher opinion or has conversation with others is one point that could give clues about hisher character. The author can give
readers an insight into the character of the person in the book through what the person says p.164.
18
4 Past life
The author can give the readers clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character by telling something from the person’s past life. This can be done by
direct comment by the author through the person’s thought in his conversation or through the medium of another person p.166.
5 Conversation of Other Characters
People talk about other people and the things they say often give readers clue to the character of the person talked about p.167. Conversation of other characters
usually takes place in a condition when the character discussed is unaware of the conversation. In this condition, the conversation of others can be a trustworthy
source of information regarding the personality of the character.
6 Reaction
The way a person responds to something helps the reader to see hisher real character. The author gives clues by letting the readers know how the character in
the story reacts to various situations and events.
7 Direct Comment
It is possible for the author to describe or comment on a person’s character in the story directly p.170. From this comment or description, the readers can
understand the character better.
8 Thoughts
The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. In this respect, he is able to do what we cannot do in the real life. He can read
through many characters’ mind and see what they are thinking. The reader is in a
