Research Approach Data and Source of Data

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Approach

This research is done by using qualitative research. Qualitative research is designed to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena. Descriptive Qualitative is the suitable method for analyzing this thesis. Descriptive Qualitative method is used for giving description of the transitivity process. They are directed towards determining the real situation, as it exists at the time of the study. The data is gotten by collecting the texts and books in library which have been related to the topic. The sources text of this thesis are two article of editorial found in Jakarta Post. The writer is not only use the qualitative method but the writer combine the qualitative method and library research. In qualitative method, we can present summary, hard selection, classified in one of large system, not only that, but also qualitative can change the data into number or arrange. Huberman in Rohidi 1992: 17 says that the number and word are going to explain the number working together in the analysis. In order to find out the most dominant type of transitivity that used in the Editorial articles of Jakarta Post, the writer applies Bungin’s formula 2005:172; N = Percentage of each types of transitivity Fx = total number of types of transitivity. N = fx n x 100 Universitas Sumatera Utara All of data that the writer analyzed are called by population. Population is the total object in the research in order that the two editorial text of Jakarta Post were called by Population.

3.2 Data and Source of Data

The object of the study in this thesis are two editorial articles. It is known that editorial is a special page dedicated to the writer for giving opinion. It reflects the majority vote of the editorial board, the governing body of the newspaper made up of editors and business managers. It is usually unsigned. Much in the same manner of a lawyer, editorial writers build on an argument and try to persuade readers to think the same way they do. Editorials are meant to influence public opinion, promote critical thinking, and sometimes cause people to take action on an issue. In essence, an editorial is an opinionated news story. However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial in the front of the page. Editorial articles is special page of writer’s opinion. The source of research data is Jakarta Post, published in February 15th, 2013 with volume 30 and with serial No. 285 consists of twenty-eight pages in page six 6 and February 4th,2013 with volume 30 and with serial No. 139 which consist of forty pages in page six 6. The data of analysis are the clauses found in both of the editorial texts of Jakarta Post consists of 108 clauses. 3.3 Collecting Data Data collecting method is divided into observation, interview, questionary, and documentation. The writer applied documentation method in her analysis. The writer collected the data based on documents. Data collecting method by documentation takes data that got from documents. In this research the documents are two editorial Universitas Sumatera Utara texts of Jakarta Post. This research is used two editorial texts of Jakarta Post because from the both of source this research has found 108 clauses. That is a siut counts for analysing into the three classified in Transitivity, Processes, Participant and Circumstances. This research chose two editorial articles found in Jakarta Post by random. First, the writer sought the topic of editorial article in the newspaper that is the Jakarta Post by random then selected the most interesting tittles in the newspaper. This research uses editorial articles because as we know that editorial articles is special place for the writer to express their feeling, thinking and opinion, try to persuade readers to think the same way they do. Editorials are meant to influence public opinion, promote critical thinking, and sometimes cause people to take action on an issue. 3.4 Data Analysis Technique This research identified all clauses in two editorial articles found in Jakarta Post. In this thesis, all of sentences divided into clauses, identified and classified the processes based on transitivity theory by coloum. And the last, the research found out the most dominant processes that used in the two editorial text of Jakarta Post. Finally this research reported the data by coloum and make a conclusion. Miles Huberman 1994:10 state that they define analysis as consisting of three concurrent flows of activity: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawingverification The first step is reducing the data which will be analyzed. The analyst should select which data is necessary to analyze and which one is not. According to Milles Huberman, data reduction refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, Universitas Sumatera Utara abstracting, and transforming the data that appear in written up field notes or transcription. The first step is reducing by selecting the clause which is necessary to analyze and which one is not, in two editorial text of Jakarta Post. The second step is displaying the data. After the reducing the data which will be analyzed, the analyst has to display the data inspecific form whether it is table, matrices, graphs, charts, or networks. All are design to assemble, compact from so that the analyst can see what is happening and either draw justified conclusion or move on to the next step of analysis the display suggests may be useful 1994:11. After reducing the data by selecting the clause which necessary to analyze, the second step is displaying the data. In the second step, the clause has selected, should be identified and clasified based on Halliday’s theory. The last step is drawing a conclusion. According to Milles Huberman 1994:11, conclusion is also verified as a analyst proceeds. The meaning emerging from the data have to be tested for their plausibility, their sturdiness, their ”confirmability” – that is, their validity. In the last step, the research should make a conclusion. In this research, the conclusion is showed by coloumn and number. The three steps can be represented in the following figure Milles Huberman, 1994: 12 Components of Data Analysis: Interactive Model Data reduction Data display Data collection Conclusions : drawingverifying Universitas Sumatera Utara In above figure, the three types of analysis activity and the activity of data collection itself from an interactive, cyclical process. The coding of data, for example data reduction, leads to new ideas on what should go into matrix data display, entering the data requires further data reduction. As the matrix fills up, preliminary conclusions are drawn but they lead to the decision, for example to add another column to the matrix to test the conclusion. In this view, qualitative data analysis is a continuous, iterative enterprise. Issues of data reduction, of display and of conclusion drawingverification come into figure successively as analysis episode follow each other Milles Huberman, 1994:12 Based on component of Milles and Huberman’s theory, for the frist step in this research is collecting the data by documentation. The writer is select the best topic in editorial articles of Jakarta Post. After that, the clause should be reducting, select the cluase which is necessary to analyze and which one is not. The next step, the writer, identified and classified the clause based on Halliday’s theory. The last step, the writer make a conclusion. Because of the writer chooses distribution frequency in calculating the data. Converting to percentage by using this formula from Bungin 2005:171-172 � = �� � � 100 n = Percentage of the use of code-mixing Fx = Frequency of the use of code-mixing N = Total item of the use of code-mixing Universitas Sumatera Utara

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS