E. Technique of Collecting the Data
In collecting the data, the writer used a written test as the primary instrument. There are two types of tests; pretest and posttest. Pretest is a measure that the
researcher assesses for the participant in an experiment before receive a treatment. Posttest is a measure that the researcher assesses for the participants
after receive a treatment.
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The design used in this quantitative research was a quasi-experimental study which involved two classes experimental class and controlled class. This kind
of study allows the researcher to look at the effect of at least one independent variable and one or more dependent variables. Independent variable in
experimental research is also frequently referred to the experimental or the treatment variable. In this research, the researcher wanted to see whether the
treatment made a difference or not. As the final, the result of pre-test and post- test are collected and compared. Some techniques used in collecting data in
research are: 1. Pre-test
The writer gave the students pre-test for both experimental class and controlled class before the lesson to know the students accuracy and
complexity in writing. The pre-test was written test which they must write about Study at Pesantren.
2. Treatment The writer taught Hortatory Exposition and it was included the language
feature that were compound and complex or compound complex sentence in the experimental class and controlled class. She gave both classes the same
materials but with different media or technique in doing some assignments. The writer held four times for doing treatment in experimental class and four
times in controlled class. The experimental class students used blog in study hortatory exposition include compound and complex sentence in writing
which they had to write, upload, give comments, and interact with the teacher
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John W. Creswell, op.cit., p. 297
and the other students. Meanwhile, the controlled class students only wrote and gave feedback or comments in their book or whiteboard and interacted
with the teachers and students only in the classroom. 3. Post-test
The post-test was done by using the same text and topic. The texts used for post-test was about Sex Education for Teenager. The prompt was
“Describe your opinion about sex education for teenager. Write in at least 150 words and make sure you use in complex, compound and compound
complex sentences in your writing.”After the post-test was conducted, the
researcher gave the score of pre-test and post-test score. The results of pre- test and post-test was collected and compared to know the effectiveness of
using blog on students ’ accuracy and complexity in writing.
F. Data Analysis Technique
The complexity in writing is scored with counting the number of longer clauses and subordinators.
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The researcher assessed and looked the complexity in writing by relating how much subordination is used per t-units or c- units. It
includes one main clause with all sub ordinate clauses attached to it. It cannot be further divided without the disappearance of its essential meaning. To measure
the aspect of complexity, the t-unit was selected as the rating scale. The raters were supposed to count every clause which was attached to a t-unit an
independent clause. So, the accuracy in writing will be scored by calculating the number of
grammatical errors per total number of t-units.
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In order to measure the aspect of accuracy in writing performance of participant, the researcher counted the
number of grammar errors in every 100 words. This would indicate how learners were accurate in their writing performance.
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Sara Cushing Weigle, Cambridge Language Assessment Series: Assessing writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p.16
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Rod Ellis, The Differential Effects of Three Types of Task Planning on the Fluency, Complexity, and Accuracy in L2 Oral Production: Applied Linguistic, 30, 2009, pp. 1-36
After getting score of pre-test and post-test, the next thing to do is analyze data. However, before analyzing the data by using t-test formulation, the
researcher did a test of normality and a test of homogeneity.
1. Test of Normality and Test of Homogeneity
Test of normality and homogeneity in this research were conducted through SPSS Special Package for the Social Sciences 20 version. Test of
normality was conducted in order to know whether the distribution from the two classes were normal or not. The test of normality was using Kolmogorov-
Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk table. Sig. score in Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk table should be above 0.05 in order to have normal distribution
data. In similar to the test of normality, the test of homogeneity in this research
was also conducted through SPSS 20. Test of homogeneity was conducted to know whether the data from two classes had the same or different variant. The
test of homogeneity was using Levene table. Sig. score in Levene table should be above 0.05 in order to have homogeny distribution data. These two kind of
tests are conducted to pre-test score and post-test score. To compute data, the steps are needed as follows.
a. Open SPSS program b. Go to variable view and fill in the columns as follows.
a Name: write Class in first row. This is to indicate and differentiate between experimental class and controlled
class. Write score in second row. b Typecolumn was numeric
c Width column is filled 8 d Decimal change this row from 2 to 0
e Label column was left blank f Value column none
g Missing column is none h Columns is 8
i Align column is right
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