Data Analysis Method A part of English and Muko-Muko question words are followed by

and Muko-Muko language books. Not only from the books but also the writer conducted an interview with one of the native speakers of Muko-Muko Language. The writer does not only collect the data and analyze the observation and document, but these data are not common. After collecting the data, then the writer starts to analyze the data. According to Creswell 2003 collecting data in grounded theory method is the process “zig-zag”- go to the range to get the information, analyze data, and so forth.

3.3 Data Analysis Method

The way that the writer is going to analyze the data of English and Muko-Muko language use the grounded theory can be devided into four steps. They are: 1. Open coding, the writer make the list of data that must to find out, and then look for and collect the data. Look for the data about English question words and Muko-Muko question words. 2. Axial coding, the writer studying the data and try to make the presentation using the logic diagram, where the writer is identifying the data. 3. Selective coding, the writer selects the fit valid data to analyzed. And then analyze the data which has selected and describe the function of English question words and Muko-Muko Question words. 4. Proposition: the writer develop and describe in way modiviability control the result of data that has identified with analyzing the contrast of English question words and Muko-Muko question words. In the end of the analyzing the data will be found the work generality, relevance understanding, fit valid, modiviability control. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER IV DATA AND ANALYSIS 4.1 The Description of Data 4.1.1 English Question Words 1. The function of Question word What is asking about something and asking for repetition or confirmation. Example: - What is your favourite animal? - What he can meet her? 2. The function of Question word when is asking about time. Example: - When is your birthday? - When were you born? 3. The function of Question word where is asking for in or at what place or position. Example: - Where do you study? - Where do they swim? 4. The function of Question word which is asking about choice. Example: - Which pen do you like? - Which novel do you buy? - Which flower does she like? Universitas Sumatera Utara 5. The function of Question word who is asking what or which person or people as subject. Example: - Who am I? - Who does give you pocket money every day? 6. The function of Question word whom is asking what or which person or people as object. Example: - Whom does she call? - Whom does he love? 7. The function of Question word whose is asking about ownership. Example: - Whose laptop do you bring? - Whose cellular phone did you use? 8. The function of Question word why is asking for a reason. Example: - Why does he come late? - Why do you love me? 9. The function of Question word how is asking about manner, condition or quality and quantity. Example: - How do you come to the campus? - How are you? - How good is the novel? - How beautiful are the flowers? Universitas Sumatera Utara How far is asking about distance. Example: - How far is Muko-Muko from Lubuk Pakam? - How far is the city from here? - How far is your house to the campus? How long is asking about length time or space. Example: - How long have you studied at USU? - How long did they stay here? How many is asking about quantity countable noun. Example: - How many brothers and sisters do you have? - How many books do you have? How much is asking about quantity uncountable noun. Example: - How much money do you have? - How much sugar do you need? How old is asking about age. Example: - How old are you? - How old is he? Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.1.2 Muko-Muko Question Words

Below is a list of the Muko-Muko Question words: 1. apo ʌpəʊ “what” 2. siapo s ɪʌpəʊ “who” 3. mengapo m əŋʌpəʊ “why” 4. bilo b ɪləʊ “when” 5. berapo b ə:ʌpəʊ “how” 6. mano m ʌnəʊ “which” 7. macam mano m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ “how” 8. dimano d ɪ mʌnəʊ “where” The explanation of the Question words above are: 1. The function of Question word apo is asking about something. Example: - Apo yang sedang aban karejokan? ʌpəʊ jʌŋ sədʌŋ ʌbʌn kʌ:eʤɒkʌn? - Binatang apo yang aban senang? b ɪnʌtʌŋ ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? - Apo yang inyo agih kek aban? ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ɪnjəʊ ʌgɪh kek ʌbʌn? Ndak apo is asking about what something will be done by a person or people. Example: - Ndak apo aban datang kek siko? nd ʌk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn dʌtʌŋ kek sɪkəʊ? Universitas Sumatera Utara - Ndak apo inyo paing? nd ʌk ʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ pʌɪŋ? - Ndak apo toboh balaring kek situng? nd ʌk ʌpəʊ tɒbɒh bʌlʌ:ɪŋ kek sɪtʊŋ? Untuk apo is asking the goal for something. Example: - Untuk apo aban karejo? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn kʌ:əʤəʊkʌn? - Untuk apo inyo balajar? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ bʌlʌʤʌ:? - Untuk apo inyo malieng pena aban? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ mʌlɪəŋ penʌ ʌbʌn? 2. The function of Question word siapo is asking what or which person or people as subject, as object and as ownership. Example: - Siapo yang membeling televisi itung? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ məmbəlɪŋ televɪsɪ ɪtʊŋ? - Dengan siapo aban paing kek Muko-Muko? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ʌbʌn pʌɪŋ kek mʊkəʊ- mʊkəʊ? - Untuk siapo amak membuek koping iko? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ ʌmʌk məmbʊek kɒpɪŋ ɪkəʊ? - Punyo siapo umah itung? p ʊnjəʊ sɪʌpəʊ ʊmʌh ɪtʊŋ? Universitas Sumatera Utara 3. The function of Question word mengapo is asking for reason. Example: - Mengapo aban balajar serius? m əŋʌpəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ: sə:ɪʊs? - Mengapo inyo senang usik aban? m əŋʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ sənʌŋ ʊsɪk ʌbʌan? - Mengapo aban meninggakan ambo? m əŋʌpəʊ ʌbʌn mənɪŋgʌkʌn ʌmbəʊ? - Mengapo inyo senang ambo? m əŋʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ sənʌŋ ʌmbəʊ? 4. The function of Question word bilo is asking about time. Example: - Bilo inyo lahi? b ɪləʊ ɪnjəʊ lʌhɪ? - Bilo haring ulang tahun aban? b ɪləʊ hʌ:ɪŋ ʊlʌŋ tʌhʊn ʌbʌn? - Bilo toboh membeling umah? b ɪləʊ tɒbɒh məmbəlɪŋ ʊmʌh? - Bilo kito paing kek pantai? b ɪləʊ kɪtəʊ pʌɪŋ kek pʌntaɪ? 5. The function of Question word berapo is asking about the quantity or quality of something. Example: - Berapo manyak pitih yang inyo punyo? b ə:ʌpəʊ mʌnjʌk pɪtɪh jʌŋ ɪnjəʊ pʊnjəʊ Universitas Sumatera Utara - Jam berapo kining? ʤʌm bə:ʌpəʊ kɪnɪŋ? - Seberapo pandai inyo ngecek Bahaso Inggris? s əbə:ʌpəʊ pʌndaɪ ɪnjəʊ ŋeʧek bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? - Seberapo leba ladang aban? s əbə:ʌpəʊ lebʌ lʌdʌŋ ʌbʌn? 6. The function of Question word mano is asking about choice. Example: - Mano ladang aban? m ʌnəʊ lʌdʌŋ ʌbʌn? - Mano pena yang aban senang? m ʌnəʊ penʌ jʌŋ ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? - Mano oto yang ndak inyo beling? m ʌnəʊ ɒtɒ jʌŋ ndʌk ɪnjəʊ bəlɪŋ 7. The function of Question word macam mano is asking about manner and condition. Example: - Macam mano inyo datang kek siko? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ɪnjəʊ dʌtʌŋ kek sɪkəʊ? - Macam mano aban makai laptop iko? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ʌbʌn mʌkaɪ leptɒp ɪkəʊ? - Macam mano inyo malieng bukung aban? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ɪnjəʊ mʌlɪəŋ bʊkʊŋ ʌbʌn? Universitas Sumatera Utara 8. The function of Question word dimano is asking about place. Example: - Inyo tingga dimano? ɪnjəʊ tɪŋgʌ dɪmʌnəʊ? - Dimano sakola aban? d ɪmʌnəʊ sʌkɒlʌ ʌbʌn? - Dimano inyo balajar Bahaso Inggris? d ɪmʌnəʊ ɪnjəʊ bʌlʌʤʌ: bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? Kemano is also asking about place where to. Example: - Inyo ndak paing kemano? ɪnjəʊ ndʌk pʌɪŋ kəmʌnəʊ? - Aban ndak balajar kemano? ʌbʌn ndʌk bʌlʌʤʌ: kəmʌnəʊ? - Kemano ambo harus kiriem surek iko? k əmʌnəʊ ʌmbəʊ hʌ:ʊs kɪ:ɪəm sʊ:ek ɪkəʊ? Dari mano is asking about place to where from. Example: - Dari mano aban? d ʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ ʌbʌn? - Asal inyo dari mano? ʌsʌl ɪnjəʊ dʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ? - Dari mano aban masuk? d ʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ ʌbʌn mʌsʊk? Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2 Analysis 4.2.1 The Function of English Question Words The data acquired as shown below were gathered from the library. They might be classified into some ways of classifications based on the categories found in similarities and differences between English and Muko-Muko Question word. English and Muko-Muko Question words have the same meaning, but they have differences. In English, Question words are usually put at the initial position or the medial position and have function as subject or predicate in interrogative sentences. Meanwhile, Muko-Muko Question words can be put at the initial position or medial position, and sometimes at the final position in interrogative sentences. Examples: English Muko-Muko What is your mobile phone number? Berapo nomor telpon aban? b ə:ʌpəʊ nɒmɒ: telpɒn ʌbʌn? Where do you come from? Dari mano asal aban? d ʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ ʌsʌl ʌbʌn? Whose book is this? Bukung siapo iko? b ʊkʊŋ sɪʌpəʊ ɪkəʊ? What do you study for? Untuk apo aban balajar? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ:? With whom did she go? Dengan siapo inyo paing? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ pʌɪŋ? Universitas Sumatera Utara Where will they go? Toboh ndak paing kemano? t ɒbɒh ndʌk pɒɪŋ kəmʌnəʊ? Where does he live? Inyo tingga dimano? ɪnjəʊ tɪŋgʌ dɪmʌnəʊ? Whom did you meet at the party? Siapo yang ndak aban temu di pesta itung? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ ndʌk ʌbʌn təmʊ dɪ pestʌ ɪtʊŋ? Why the baby cries? Mengapo anak kecik itung nangih? m əŋʌpəʊ ʌnʌk kəʧɪk ɪtʊŋ nʌŋɪh? When did you send the letter? Bilo aban kiriem surek itung? b ɪləʊ ʌbʌn kɪ:ɪəm sʊ:ek ɪtʊŋ? What did you watch yesterday? Apo yang aban noton petang? ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn nɒtɒn pətʌŋ? English and Muko-Muko Question words are followed by noun. In English, noun is put between question word and auxiliary verb while in Muko- Muko, noun is put before question word and can be added by the word “yang” after of before question word. Examples: English Question Word + Noun + Auxiliary Verb Muko-Muko Noun + Question Word What book are you reading? Bukung apo yang sedang aban baco? b ʊkʊŋ ʌpəʊ jʌŋ sədʌŋ ʌbʌn bʌʧəʊ? What flower does she like? Bungo apo yang inyo senang? Universitas Sumatera Utara b ʊŋəʊ ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ɪnjəʊ sənʌŋ? What time do you usually have breakfast? Jam berapo biasonyo aban makan paging? ʤʌm bə:ʌpəʊ bɪʌsəʊnjəʊ ʌbʌn mʌkʌn p ʌgɪŋ? Whose car will they borrow? Oto siapo yang ndak inyo pinjam? ɒtɒ sɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ ndʌk ɪnjəʊ pɪnʤʌm? Which novel has he ever read? Novel mano yang udah pernah inyo baco? n əʊvəl mʌnəʊ jʌŋ ʊdʌh pə:nʌh ɪnjəʊ b ʌʧəʊ? Where place will we visit? Tempat mano yang ndak kito datangi? t əmpʌt mʌnəʊ jʌŋ ndʌk kɪtəʊ dʌtʌŋɪ? What day do you study English? Haring apo aban balajar Bahaso Inggris? h ʌ:ɪŋ ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ: bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? English and Muko-Muko Question words are followed by an adjective. In Muko-Muko, adjective is put between question word and noun. In English, it is put after a question word. Examples: English Question Word + Adjective + Auxiliary Verb Muko-Muko Question Word + Adjective + Noun How high is the tree? Seberapo tingging kayung itung? s əbə:ʌpəʊ tɪŋgɪŋ kʌjʊŋ ɪtʊŋ? Universitas Sumatera Utara How tall is she? Seberapo tingging inyo? s əbə:ʌpəʊ tɪŋgɪŋ ɪnjəʊ? How big is your house? Seberapo gedang umah aban? s əbə:ʌpəʊ gədʌŋ ʊmʌh ʌbʌn? How wide is this river? Seberapo leba aik gedang iko? s əbə:ʌpəʊ ləbʌ aɪk gədʌŋ ɪkəʊ? How far is the city here? Seberapo jauh kota di siko? s əbə:ʌpəʊ ʤaʊh kɒtʌ dɪ sɪkəʊ? How handsome are they? Seberapo ganteng toboh? s əbə:ʌpəʊ gʌnteŋ tɒbɒh? How long do you stay there? Seberapo lamo aban tingga di situng? s əbə:ʌpəʊ lʌməʊ ʌbʌn tɪŋgʌ dɪ sɪtʊŋ? In English and Muko-Muko, more than one question words can ask one objective or two question words have same meaning to ask for a reason. Examples: English Muko-Muko What did you kill him for? = Why did you kill him? Untuk apo aban munuh inyo? = Mengapo aban munuh inyo? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn mʊnʊh ɪnjəʊ? = məŋʌpəʊ ʌbʌn mʊnʊh ɪnjəʊ? What do you study English for? = Why do you study English? Untuk apo aban balajar Bahaso Inggris? = Mengapo aban balajar Bahaso Inggris? Universitas Sumatera Utara ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ: bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? = m əŋʌpəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ: bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? In English question sentence, the auxiliary verb or verb can change from according to time in present, past or future and noun singular and plural, uncountable noun and countable noun while Muko-Muko not change the verb. Examples: English Muko-Muko When does this semester end? Bilo semester iko lah abih? b ɪləʊ səməstə: ɪkəʊ lʌh ʌbɪh? When did you post the letter? Bilo aban kiriem surek itung? b ɪləʊ ʌbʌn kɪ:ɪəm sʊ:ek ɪtʊŋ? Who will water the plant? Siapo yang ndak nyiram tanaman? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ ndʌk njɪ:ʌm tʌnʌmʌn? How many books do you have at your home? Berapo manyak bukung yang aban punyo di umah aban? b ə:ʌpəʊ mʌnjʌk bʊkʊŋ jʌŋ ʌbʌn pʊnjəʊ dɪ ʊmʌh ʌbʌn? Why was he late? Mengapo inyo talambek? m əŋʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ tʌlʌmbek? Who asked him to speak English? Siapo yang nyuruh inyo kecek Bahaso Inggris? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ njʊ:ʊh ɪnjəʊ keʧek bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? What are you doing? Apo yang aban karejokan? Universitas Sumatera Utara ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn kʌ:eʤəʊkʌn? What has he done today? Apo yang udah inyo karejokan haring iko? ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ʊdʌh ɪnjəʊ kʌ:eʤəʊkʌn hʌ:ɪŋ ɪkəʊ? How much money do you have? Berapo manyak pitih yang aban punya? b ə:ʌpəʊ mʌnjʌk pɪtɪh jʌŋ ʌbʌn pʊnjəʊ? Who ordered her to do that? Siapo yang nyuruh inyo untuk membuek itung? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ njʊ:ʊh ɪnjəʊ ʊntʊk məmbʊek itʊŋ? English and Muko-Muko can be followed by the preposition. In English, it comes at the beginning or the end of the interrogative sentences. And in Muko-Muko it is put before a question word. Examples: English Muko-Muko To whom will you give this gift? Untuk siapo aban ndak ngagih hadiah itung? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ ʌbʌn ndʌk ŋagɪh hʌdɪʌh ɪtʊŋ? To whom should I talk? Untuk siapo ambo harus ngecek? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ ʌmbəʊ hʌ:ʊs ŋeʧek? With whom did you go? Dengan siapo aban paing? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ʌbʌn pʌɪŋ? What do you ask them for? Untuk apo aban tanyo toboh? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn tʌnjəʊ tɒbɒh? What does he leave you for? Untuk apo inyo meninggakan aban? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ mənɪŋgʌkʌn ʌbʌn? Universitas Sumatera Utara In English two or more different question words can be used to ask the same meaning, but Muko-Muko question words cannot. Examples: English Muko-Muko How long is the table? = What lenght is the table? Seberapo panjang meja itung? s əbə:ʌpəʊ pʌnʤʌŋ meʤʌ ɪtʊŋ? How wide is this river? = What width is this river? Seberapo leba aik gedang iko? s əbə:ʌpəʊ lebʌ aɪk gədʌŋ ɪkəʊ? How high is that tree? = What height is that tree? Seberapo tinggi kayung itung? s əbə:ʌpəʊ tɪŋgɪ kʌjʊŋ ɪtʊŋ? How far is the city from here? = What distance is the city from here? Seberapo jauh kota dari siko? s əbə:ʌpəʊ ʤaʊh kɒtʌ dʌ:ɪ sɪkəʊ? A part of English question words, one question word has two or more meanings, but Muko-Muko question words do not. Examples: English Muko-Muko Where is the book? Dimano bukung itung? d ɪmʌnəʊ bʊkʊŋ ɪtʊŋ? Where do you come from? Dari mano asal aban? d ʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ ʌsʌl ʌbʌn? Where will you go? Kemano aban ndak paing? Universitas Sumatera Utara k əmʌnəʊ ʌbʌn ndʌk pʌɪŋ? How do you come here? Macam mano aban datang kek siko? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ʌbʌn dʌtʌŋ kek sɪkəʊ? How much money do you have? Berapo manyak pitih yang aban punyo? b ə:ʌpəʊ mʌnjʌk pɪtɪh jʌŋ ʌbʌn pʊnjəʊ? How beautiful is she? Seberapo elok inyo? s əbə:ʌpəʊ elɒk ɪnjəʊ? What is your name? Siapo nama aban? s ʌpəʊ nʌmʌ ʌbʌn? What time is it? Jam berapo kining? ʤʌm bə:ʌpəʊ kɪnɪŋ? What is your hobby? Apo hobi aban? ʌpəʊ hɒbɪ ʌbʌn?

4.2.2 The Function of Muko-Muko Question Words

By analyzing all of the sentences selected from the collected data, it can be seen that Muko-Muko has 14 question words used in Muko-Muko interrogative sentences. Below are the list of the Muko-Muko question words:

1. Apo

ʌpəʊ what

2. Ndak apo nd

ʌk ʌpəʊ for what goal

3. Untuk apo

ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ what for reason Universitas Sumatera Utara The question words “ndak apo” and “untuk apo” contain the same base word “apo”. In morphophonemic process, these can be analyzed as: - Ndak apo nd ʌk ʌpəʊ ndak + apo nd ʌk + ʌpəʊ - Untuk apo ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ untuk + apo ʊntʊk + ʌpəʊ The preposition “ndak” and “untuk” together with base word “apo” from the question word “ndak apo” and “untuk apo”. Thus the question words “ndak apo” has the meaning of “what is the goal”, while the question word “untuk apo” has the meaning of “what is the reason” or simply stated as “why”.

4. Siapo s ɪʌpəʊ

who subjectobject

5. Punyo siapo p

ʊnjʌ sɪʌpəʊ whose ownershippossessive All of the question words in this group contain the base morpheme “siapo”. In morphophonemic process, these can be analyzed as: - Punyo siapo p ʊnjʌ sɪʌpəʊ punyo + siapo pʊnjʌ + sɪʌpəʊ This base morpheme is glued to the preposition “punyo” and “untuk” meaning “own” and “for”.

6. Dimano d

ɪmʌnəʊ where

7. Kemano k

əmʌnəʊ where to

8. Dari mano d

ʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ where from In this group, all the question words contain the same base word “mano”. From mrphophonemic point of view, we can analyze them as: - Dimano d ɪmʌnəʊ di + mano d ɪ + mʌnəʊ - Kemano k əmʌnəʊ ke + mano k ə + mʌnəʊ - Dari mano d ʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ dari + mano d ʌ:ɪ + mʌnəʊ Universitas Sumatera Utara The preposition “di”, “ke”, and “dari” are used in combination with the base word “mano”. The preposition “di”,”ke”, and “dari” explain about “place”.

9. Berapo b ə:ʌpəʊ

how many, or how much describe “amount”

10. Seberapo s

əbə:ʌpəʊ how to describe “adjective” In this group, the question words contain the same base word “berapo”. From mrphophonemic point of view, we can analyze them as: - Seberapo s əbə:ʌpəʊ se + berapo s ə + bə:ʌpəʊ The preposition “se” is used in combination with the base word “berapo”. The preposition “se” describe about “adjective”.

11. Mano m

ʌnəʊ which

12. Macam mano m

ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ how describe about “manner” In this group, the question words contain the same base word “mano”. From mrphophonemic point of view, we can analyze them as: - Macam mano m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ macam + mano mʌʧʌm + mʌnəʊ The preposition “macam” is used in combination with the base word “mano”. The preposition “macam” describe about “manner”.

13. Mengapo m

əŋʌpəʊ why

14. Bilo b

ɪləʊ when Universitas Sumatera Utara

1. The Question Word “Apo”

The following is the list of Muko-Muko interrogative sentences showing the use of the Question word “Apo”. The question word “apo” meaning “what”, is used to ask information about something. I occupies both the initial position and the medial position. Examples: - Apo karejo abak inyo? ʌpəʊ kʌ:eʤəʊ ʌbʌk ɪnjəʊ? What is hisher father job? In this sentence, the question word “apo” takes the initial position and stands as the subject of the interrogative sentence, followed by the noun “karejo” meaning “job”. The word “abak inyo” consist the noun “abak” meaning “father”, and the possesive pronoun “inyo” meaning “hisher”. - Bukung apo yang aban baco? b ʊkʊŋ ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn bʌʧəʊ? What book do you read? Here the question word “apo” takes the medial position preceded by the noun “bukung” meaning “book”, followed by the word “yang” as auxiliary verb “do”, pronoun subject “aban” meaning “you” and the verb “baco” meaning “read”. In this sentence, the question word “apo” is function as an interrogative adjective asking for the information about something “concerning the book”. The question word “apo” with the noun “bukung” meaning “book” stands as the subject of th interrogative sentence. Universitas Sumatera Utara The question word “apo” together with the noun functions as the subject of the interrogative sentence. When the question word is in the medial position, it is an iterrogative adjective, that is the question inquires the choice of of the noun rather than simply asks for information about something. When the question word is used in the medial position, it will be preceded by noun, and is followed by the word “yang”, than comes the pronoun subject “aban” and the verb “baco”. Thus when the question word takes the medial position, the interrogative sentence takes either one of this structure.

2. The Question Word “Ndak apo”

The question word “ndak apo” means “for what the goal” this is used to ask the information about the goal of the verb. Below is a list of the Muko-Muko interrogative sentences showing the use of the question word “ndak apo” meaning “for what the goal”. Examples: - Ndak apo inyo paing kek sakola? nd ʌk ʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ pʌɪŋ kek sʌkɒlʌ? For what does shehe go to school? Here, the question word occupies the initial position as the subject of interrogative sentence, followed by pronoun subject “inyo” means “shehe”, verb “paing” means “go”, preposition “kek” means “to”, and adverb of place “sakola” means “school”. - Ndak apo aban datang kek umah ambo? nd ʌk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn dʌtʌŋ kek ʊmʌh ʌmbəʊ? For what do you come to my house? In this sentence, the question word “ndak apo” puts the initial position as the subject of interrogative sentence, followed by pronoun subject “aban” means Universitas Sumatera Utara “you”, then the verb “datang” means “come”, next preosition “kek” means “to”, then noun “umah” means “house”, and the last the possessive pronoun “ambo” means “my”. - Ndak apo kito balajar Bahaso Inggris? nd ʌk ʌpəʊ kɪtəʊ bʌlʌʤʌ: bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? For what do we study English? From this sentence, we can see that the question word “ndak apo” also occupies the initial position and it is also as the subject of interrogative sentence. It is followed by pronoun subject “kito” means “we”, then the verb “belaja” means “study”, last the noun “Bahaso Inggris” means “English”.

3. The Quesiton Word “Untuk apo”

The question word “untuk apo” means “what is the reason for”, or simply translated as “why”. This question word has the same meaning and function with the question word “mengapo”, thus it is used to ask about the motive or the reason of an action or an event. The question word “untuk apo” is same with the other question words above, that is followed by pronoun. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “untuk apo”. Examples: - untuk apo inyo ambik pitih abak inyo? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ ʌmbɪk pɪtɪh ʌbʌk ɪnjəʊ? What does heshe take hisher father’s money for? This sentence has a similar structure from the examples above. The question word takes the inital position as the subject of interrogative sentence. It is followed by relative pronoun subject “inyo” means “heshe”, then the verb Universitas Sumatera Utara “ambik” means “take”, next the noun “pitih abak” means “money of father”, and last the possesive pronoun “inyo” means “hisher”. - Untuk apo kito karejo tiap haring? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ kɪtəʊ kʌ:eʤɒ tɪʌp hʌ:ɪŋ? What do we work everyday? This sentence has a similar structure from the examples above. The question word takes the inital position as the subject of interrogative sentence. It is followed by pronoun subject “kito” means “we”, then the verb “karejo” means “work”, and last the adverb of time in present tense “tiap haring” means “everyday”. - Untuk apo aban munuh inyo? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn mʊnʊh ɪnjəʊ? what do you kill him for? From this sentence, we can see that the question word “untuk apo” also occupies the initial position and it is also as the subject of interrogative sentence. It is followed by pronoun subject “aban” means “you”, then the verb “munuh” means “kill”, last the pronoun object “inyo” means “him”. - Untuk apo aban agihkan hadiah itung kek ambo? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn ʌgɪhkʌn hʌdɪʌh ɪtʊŋ kek ʌmbəʊ? what do you give the gift to me? In this sentence, the question word “untuk apo” puts the initial position as the subject of interrogative sentence, followed by pronoun subject “aban” means “you”, then the verb “agihkan” means “give”, then the noun “hadiah” menas “gift”, then the article “itung” means “that”, next preposition “kek” means “to”, then pronoun object “ambo” means “me”. Universitas Sumatera Utara

4. The Question Word “Siapo”

The question word “siapo” means “who, is used to find out the information about person. The question word “siapo” means “who subjectobject” always takes the initial position or medial, and its function is as an interrogative subject or object. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “siapo”. Examples: - Siapo namo aban? s ɪʌpəʊ nʌməʊ ʌbʌn? who name you? what is your name? In Muko-Muko, to ask the name of somebody, we use the question word “siapo” means “who” rather than “apo” means “what”. It is considered impolite when someone uses the question word “apo” means “what” to asking sombody’s name. In this sentence, the question word “siapo” takes the initial position, functions as the subject of the interrogative sentence. It is followed by noun “name” and the pronoun object “aban” means “you”. - Siapo yang membuek koping iko? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ məmbʊek kɒpɪŋ ɪkəʊ? Who made this coffee? Here, the quetion word “siapo” means “who”. The question word “siapo” takes the initial position, functions as the subject of the interrogative sentence. It is followed by enclitic word “yang”, than the verb “membuek” means “made”, and the noun “koping” means coffee, last the article “iko” means “this”. Universitas Sumatera Utara - Siapo yang mengajok aban? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ məŋʌʤəʊk ʌbʌn? Who asked you? In this sentence, the question word “siapo” takes the initial position, functions as the subject of the interrogative sentence. It is followed by enclitic word “yang”, than the verb “mengajok” means “asked”, and the pronoun object “aban” means “you”. - untuk siapo bungo itung? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ bʊŋəʊ ɪtʊŋ? Whom is the flower for Here, the question word “untuk siapo” means “for whom”. The question word “untuk siapo” takes the initial position, functions as the object of the interrogative sentence. It is followed by noun “bungo” means “flower”, then the article “itung” means “that”. - Untuk siapo aban ndak kiriem pitih iko? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ ʌbʌn ndʌk kɪ:ɪəm pɪtɪh ɪkəʊ? Whom will you send this money to? In this sentence, the question word “untuk siapo” takes the medial position, functions as interrogative object, explains the object of the verb. It is followed by pronoun subject “aban” means “you”, then the auxiliary verb “ndak” means “will”, and the verb “kiriem” means “send”, then the noun “pitih” means “money”, and last the article “iko” means “this”. - Untuk siapo inyo agihkan hadiah itung? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ ʌgɪhkʌn hʌdɪʌh ɪtʊŋ? Whom did heshe give the gift to? Universitas Sumatera Utara In this sentence, the question word “untuk siapo”, it takes the medial position, it functions as interrogative object, and it explains the object of the verb. It is followed by pronoun subject “inyo” means “heshe”, and the verb “agihkan” means “give”, next the enclitic word “kan”, then the noun “hadiah” means “gift”, and last the article “itung” means “the”. - Dengan siapo amak ndak paing? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ʌmʌk ndʌk pʌɪŋ? With whom will mother go? In this sentence, the question word “dengan siapo” takes the medial position, functions as interrogative object, explains the object of the verb. It is followed by subject “amak” means “mother”, then the auxiliary verb “ndak” means “will”, and the last followed by the verb “paing” means “go”.

5. The Question Word “Punya siapo”

The question word “punya siapo” is used to ask about the possession or the ownership of somebody. The question word “punya siapo” takes the initial position. And it can take the medial position but the preposition “punya” is lost. The preposition “punya” changed be the noun. The pattern is noun + siapo + tobeauxiliary verb + oc. And it is often used in Muko-Muko interrogative sentence. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “siapo”. Examples: - Punya siapo bukung itung? p ʊnjəʊ sɪʌpəʊ bʊkʊŋ ɪtʊŋ? Whose book is that? Universitas Sumatera Utara Here, the question word “punya siapo” means “whose”. The question word “punya siapo” takes the initial position, functions as the subject of the interrogative sentence. It is followed by noun “bukung” means “book”, then the article “itung” means “that”. This sentence is seldom used by society of Muko- Muko. - Oto siapo yang ndak aban pinjam? ɒtɒ sɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ ndʌk ʌbʌn pɪnʤʌm? Whose car will you borrow? In this sentence, the question word “siapo” takes the medial position, functions as interrogative possessive, explains the ownership. It is preceded by noun “oto” means “car”, then followed by enclitic word “yang”, then the auxiliary verb “ndak” means “will”, and last the verb “pinjam” means “borrow”. This sentence is more often used by society of Muko-Muko than the example above. - Umah siapo yang paling gedang di kota iko? ʊmʌh sɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ pʌlɪŋ gədʌŋ dɪ kɒtʌ ɪkəʊ? Whose house is the biggest in this city? In this sentence, the question word “siapo” takes the medial position, functions as interrogative possessive, explains the ownership. It is preceded by noun “umah” means “house”, then followed by enclitic word “yang”, then the superlative degree of adjective comparison “paling gedang” means “the biggest”, and the preposition “di” means “in”, then the adverb of place “kota” means “city”, and last the article “iko” means “this”. This sentence is also often used by society of Muko-Muko than the example above. Universitas Sumatera Utara

6. The Question Word “Dimano”

The question word “dimano” is derived from the base word “mano” preceded by the preposition “di”. The question word “dimano” meaning “where”. It is used to ask the information about the location or the place of somthing. It can take the initial position or the final position in interrogative sentence. Its function is as an interrogative adverb of place. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “dimano”. Examples: - Dimano aban tingga? d ɪmʌnəʊ ʌbʌn tɪŋgʌ? Where do you live? Here, the question word “dimano” means “where”. The question word “dimano” takes the initial position, functions as the adverb of place in interrogative sentence. It is followed by pronoun subject “aban” means “you”, then the verb “tingga” means “live”. - Inyo balajar dimano? ɪnjəʊ bʌlʌʤʌ: dɪmʌnəʊ? Where does heshe study? In this sentence, the question word “dimano” means “where”. The question word “dimano” takes the final position, functions as the adverb of place in interrogative sentence. It is precede by pronoun subject “inyo” means “heshe”, then followed by the verb “belaja” means “study”. - Dimano toboh kining? d ɪmʌnəʊ tɒbɒh kɪnɪŋ? Where are they now? Universitas Sumatera Utara Here, the question word “dimano” means “where”. The question word “dimano” takes the initial position, functions as the adverb of place in interrogative sentence. It is followed by pronoun subject “toboh” means “they”, then the adverb of time “kining” means “now”.

7. The Question Word “Kemano”

The question word “kemano” menaing “where to”. It is used to ask about destination or direction of an action. It can take the initial position or the final position in interrogative sentence. Its function is as an interrogative adverb of place. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “kemano”. Examples: - Inyo ndak paing kemano? ɪnjəʊ ndʌk pʌɪŋ kəmʌnəʊ? Where will heshe go? In this sentence, the question word “kemano” means “where to”. The question word “kemano” takes the final position, functions as the adverb of place in interrogative sentence too. It is preceded by pronoun subject “inyo” means “heshe”, then the auxiliary verb “ndak” means “will”, and last preceded by the verb “paing” means “go”. - Kemano aban kiriem surek iko? k əmʌnəʊ ʌbʌn kɪ:ɪəm sʊ:ek ɪkəʊ? Where do you send this letter? Here, the question word “kemano” means “where to”. The question word “kemano” takes the initial position, its also functions as the adverb of place in Universitas Sumatera Utara interrogative sentence. It is followed by pronoun subject “aban” means “you”, then the verb “kiriem” means “send”, then the noun “surek” means “letter”, and last the article “iko” means “this”. - Kito harus datangi kemano? k ɪtəʊ hʌ:ʊs dʌtʌŋɪ kəmʌnəʊ? Where must we visit In this sentence, the question word “kemano” means “where to”. The question word “kemano” takes the final position, it functions as the adverb of place in interrogative sentence. It is preceded by pronoun subject “kito” means “we”, then the modal “harus” means “must”, and last preceded by the verb “datangi” means “visit”.

8. The Question Word “Dari mano”

The question word “dari mano” is derived from the base word “mano” preceded by the preposition “dari”. The question word “dari mano” meaning “where from”. It is used to ask the information about the location or the place of something. It can take the initial position or the final position in interrogative sentence. Its function is as an interrogative adverb of place. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “dari mano”. Examples: - Asal aban dari mano? ʌsʌl ʌbʌn dʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ? Where do you come from? In this sentence, the question word “dari mano” means “where from”. The question word “dari mano” takes the final position, it functions as the adverb of Universitas Sumatera Utara place in interrogative sentence. It is preceded by the name of place such as adddress, hometown, city, or country “asal” means “come from” by pronoun subject “aban” means “you”, then the question word “dari mano”. - Dari mano inyo balaring? d ʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ ɪnjəʊ bʌlʌ:ɪŋ? Where does heshe run from? Here, the question word “dari mano” means “where from”. The question word “dari mano” takes the initial position, its also functions as the adverb of place in interrogative sentence. It is followed by pronoun subject “inyo” means “we”, and the verb “balaring” means “run”. - Toboh bajalan dari mano? t ɒbɒh bʌʤʌlʌn dʌ:ɪ mʌnəʊ? Where do they walk from?

9. The Question Word “Berapo”

The question word “berapo” means “how, how many or how much”. The question word “berapo” takes the initial or medial position. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “berapo”. Examples: - Jam berapo kining? ʤʌm bə:ʌpəʊ kɪnɪŋ? What time is it? In this sentence, the question word “berapo” means “what amount”. The question word “berapo” takes the medial position. It is preceded by the noun “jam” means “time”, then followed by adverb of time “kining” means “time”. Universitas Sumatera Utara - Berapo manyak pitih yang aban perlung? b ə:ʌpəʊ mʌnjʌk pɪtɪh jʌŋ ʌbʌn pə:lʊŋ? How much money do you need? In this sentence, the question word “berapo” means “how much”. The question word “berapo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the amount of the noun “manyak” means “much”, then by the uncountable noun “pitih” means “money”, then the inclitic word “yang” means “do”, then the pronoun subject “aban” means “you”, and last the verb “perlung” means “need”. - Berapo manyak bukung yang kito punyo di umah? b ə:ʌpəʊ mʌnjʌk bʊkʊŋ jʌŋ kɪtəʊ pʊnjəʊ dɪ ʊmʌh? How many books do we have at home? Here, the question word “berapo” means “how many”. The question word “berapo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the amount of the noun “manyak” means “many”, then by the countable noun “bukung” means “books”, then the inclitic word “yang” means “do”, then the pronoun subject “kito” means “we”, and the verb “punyo” means “have”, next the preposition “di” means “at”, then the last followed by the adverb of place “umah” means ”home”.

10. The Question Word “Seberapo”

The question word “seberapo” means “how amount”. The question word “seberapo” is derived from the base word “berapo” preceded by the preposition “se”. The question word “seberapo” takes the initial position only. It is used to ask the information about the amount of adjective. It will be equvalent to the English Question Word + adjective. Universitas Sumatera Utara Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “seberapo”. Examples: - Seberapo elok inyo? seb ə:ʌpəʊ elɒk ɪnjəʊ? How pretty is she? In this sentence, the question word “seberapo” means “how ask the amount of adjective”. It takes the initial position. It is followed by the adjective “elok” means “pretty”, and the pronoun subject “inyo” means “she”. - Seberapo maha oto itung? seb ə:ʌpəʊ mʌhʌ ɒtɒ ɪtʊŋ? How expensive is the car? Here, the question word “seberapo” means “how ask the amount of adjective”. It takes the initial position. It is followed by the adjective “maha” means “expensive”, and the noun “oto” means “car”, then last followed by the article “itung” means “the”. - Seberapo leba aik gedang iko? seb ə:ʌpəʊ lebʌ aɪk gədʌŋ ɪkəʊ? How wide is this river? Here, the question word “seberapo” means “how ask the amount of adjective”. It takes the initial position. It is followed by the adjective “leba” means “wide”, and the noun “aik gedang” means “river”, then last followed by the article “iko” means “this”. Universitas Sumatera Utara

11. The Question Word “Mano”

The question word “mano” equivalent to “which” in English. It can take the initial or medial position. It is used to ask about the position, direction, characteristic of noun or choice. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “mano”. Example: - Mano bukung aban? m ʌnəʊ bʊkʊɪ ʌbʌn? Which is your book? In this sentence, the question word “mano” takes the initial position. It means “which”. It functions as the subject in this sentence. Asking about which one the book. It is followed by the noun “bukung” means “book”, and the possessive pronoun “aban” means “your”. - Bungo mano yang inyo senang? b ʊŋəʊ mʌnəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? Which flower does she like? Here, the question word “mano” takes the medial position. It means “which”. It is preceded by the noun “bungo” means “flower”, then it is followed by the word “yang” means “does”, and the pronoun subject “inyo” means “she”, and the last it is followed by the verb “senang” means “like”. - Binatang mano yang toboh sayang? b ɪnʌtʌŋ mʌnəʊ jʌŋ tɒbɒh sʌjʌŋ? Which animal do they love? In this sentence, the question word “mano” takes the medial position. It means “which”. It is preceded by the noun “binatang” means “animal”, then it is Universitas Sumatera Utara followed by the word “yang” means “do”, and the pronoun subject “toboh” means “they”, and the last it is followed by the verb “sayang” means “love”.

12. The Question Word “Macam mano”

The question word “macam mano” means “how manner”. The question word “macam mano” is derived from the base word “mano” preceded by the preposition “macam”. The question word “macam mano” takes the initial position. It is used to ask about the state or condition of something or the way to perform a certain action. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “macam mano”. Examples: - Macam mano inyo datang kek umah aban? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ɪnjəʊ dʌtʌŋ kek ʊmʌh ʌbʌn? How does shehe come to your house? In this sentence, the question word “macam mano” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “inyo” means “shehe”, then the verb “ datang” means “come”, next followed by preposition “kek” means “to”, and followed by the noun “umah” means “house”, the last followed by possessive pronoun “aban” means “your”. - Macam mano anak kecik itung membuek teh? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ʌnʌk kəʧɪk ɪtʊŋ membʊek teh? How does the baby make the tea? Here, the question word “macam mano” takes the initial position. It is followed by the subject “anak kecik itung” means “the baby”, next followed by Universitas Sumatera Utara verb “membuek” means “make”, and the last followed by the noun “teh” means “the tea”. - Macam mano aban biso membeling oto maha iko? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ʌbʌn bɪsəʊ məmbəlɪŋ ɒtɒ mʌhʌ ɪkəʊ? How can you buy this expensive car? In this sentence, the question word “macam mano” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “aban” means “you”, then the modal “biso” means “can”, next followed by verb “membeling” means “buy”, and followed by the noun “oto” means “car”, next followed by the adjective “maha” means “expensive”, and the last followed by the article “iko” means “this”.

13. The Question Word “Mengapo”

The question word “mengapo” means “why”. This question word is used to ask about the motive or the reason of an action or an event. The question word “mengapo” is followed by pronoun. It takes the initial position. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “mengapo”. Examples: - Mengapo aban mencintai ambo? m əŋʌpəʊ ʌbʌn mənʧɪntaɪ ʌmbəʊ? Why do you love me? Here, the question word “mengapo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “aban” means “you”, then followed by verb “mencintai” means “love”, and the last followed by the pronoun object “ambo” means “me”. This question asking for the reason of an action. Universitas Sumatera Utara - Mengapo inyo meninggakan aban? m əŋʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ mənɪŋgʌkʌn ʌbʌn? Why does he leave you? In this sentence, the question word “mengapo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “inyo” means “he”, then followed by verb “maninggakan” means “leave”, and the last followed by the pronoun object “aban” means “you”. This question asking for the reason of an action. - Mengapo toboh datang talambek? m əŋʌpəʊ tɒbɒh dʌtʌŋ tʌlʌmbek? Why do they come late? Here, the question word “mengapo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “toboh” means “they”, then followed by verb “datang” means “come”, and the last followed by the adverb of manner “talambek” means “late”. This question asking for the reason of an action.

14. The Question Word “Bilo”

The question word “bilo” meaning “when”. The question word “macam mano” takes the initial position. It is used to ask about he time when a certain activity is performed. Below is the list of the interrogative sentences with the question word “bilo”. Examples: - Bilo inyo mengundang kito? b ɪləʊ ɪnjəʊ məŋʊndʌŋ kɪtəʊ? When did heshe invite us? Universitas Sumatera Utara In this sentence, the question word “bilo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “inyo” means “heshe”, then followed by verb “mangundang” means “invite”, and the last followed by the pronoun object “us” means “kito”. This question asking for the time of an activity. - Bilo toboh paing kek pantai? b ɪləʊ tɒbɒh pʌɪŋ kek pʌntaɪ? When did they go to the beach? In this sentence, the question word “bilo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “toboh” means “they”, then followed by verb “paing” means “go”, and followed by the preposition “kek” means “to”. Then the last followed by the adverb of place “pantai” means “beach” This question asking for the time of an activity. - Bilo aban ndak membeling umah gedang itung? b ɪləʊ ʌbʌn ndʌk məmbəlɪŋ ʊmʌh gədʌŋ ɪtʊŋ? When will you buy that big house? In this sentence, the question word “bilo” takes the initial position. It is followed by the pronoun “aban” means “you”, next followed by auxiliaary verb “ndak” means “will”, then followed by verb “membeling” means “buy”, and followed by the noun “umah” means “house”, then followed by the adjective “gedang” means “big”, then the last followed by the article “itung” means “that”. This question asking for the time of an activity. Universitas Sumatera Utara From the description of this thesis, it could be concluded that there are eight basic question words in Muko-Muko namely: 1. apo ʌpəʊ “what” 2. siapo s ɪʌpəʊ “who” 3. mengapo m əŋʌpəʊ “why” 4. bilo b ɪləʊ “when” 5. berapo b ə:ʌpəʊ “how quality and quantity” 6. mano m ʌnəʊ “which” 7. macam mano m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ “how manner” 8. dimano d ɪmʌnəʊ “where” 1. The function of Question word “apo” meaning “what” is asking about something. Example: - Apo ulah aban? ʌpəʊ ʊlʌh ʌbʌn? what are you doing? - Binatang apo yang aban senang? b ɪnʌtʌŋ ʌpəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? What animal do you like? 2. The function of Question word “siapo” meaning “whowhomwhose” is asking what or which person or people as subject, as object and as ownership. Example: Universitas Sumatera Utara - Siapo yang membeling televisi itung? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ məmbəlɪŋ televɪsɪ ɪtʊŋ? Who did buy that television? - Dengan siapo aban paing kek Muko-Muko? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ʌbʌn pʌɪŋ kek mʊkəʊ- mʊkəʊ? With whom did you go to Muko-Muko? - Punyo siapo umah itung? p ʊnjəʊ mʊkəʊ ʊmʌh ɪtʊŋ? Whose is that house? 3. The function of Question word “mengapo” meaning “why” is asking for the motive or the reason of an action. Example: - Mengapo aban balajar serius? m əŋʌpəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ: sə:ɪʊs? Why do you study seriously? - Mengapo inyo senang usik anak kecik itung? m əŋʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ sənʌŋ ʊsɪk ʌnʌk kəʧɪk ɪtʊŋ? Why does heshe like to diturb the baby? 4. The function of Question word “bilo” meaning “when” is asking about time. Example: - Bilo inyo lahi? b ɪləʊ ɪnjəʊ lʌhɪ? When was shehe born? Universitas Sumatera Utara - Bilo haring ulang tahun aban? b ɪləʊ hʌ:ɪŋ ʊlʌŋ tʌhʊn ʌbʌn? When is your birthday? 5. The function of Question word “berapo” meaning “how manyhow much amount” is asking about the quantity or qualitas something. Example: - Berapo manyak pitih yang inyo punyo? b ə:ʌpəʊ mʌnjʌk pɪtɪh jʌŋ ɪnjəʊ pʊnjəʊ? How much money does shehe has? - Jam berapo kining? ʤʌm bə:ʌpəʊ kɪnɪŋ? What time is it now? - Seberapo leba ladang aban? s əbə:ʌpəʊ lebʌ lʌdʌŋ ʌbʌn? How wide is your garden? 6. The function of Question word “mano” meaning “which” is asking about the position, direction, characteristic of noun or choice. Example: - Mano ladang aban? m ʌnəʊ lʌdʌŋ ʌbʌn? Which is your garden? - Pena mano yang aban senang? pen ʌ mʌnəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? Which pen do you like? Universitas Sumatera Utara 7. The function of Question word “macam mano” meaning “how manner” is asking about manner, condition or way of an activity. Example: - Macam mano inyo datang kek siko? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ ɪnjəʊ dʌtʌŋ kek sɪkəʊ? How does heshe come here? - Macam mano makai laptop iko? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ mʌkaɪ leptɒp ɪkəʊ? How is the way to use the laptop? 8. The function of Question word “dimano” meaning “where” is asking about place. Example: - Inyo tingga dimano? ɪnjəʊ tɪŋgʌ dɪmʌnəʊ? Where does heshe live? - Dimano aban balajar Bahaso Inggris? d ɪmʌnəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ: bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? Where do you study English? Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.2.3 The Similarities and Differences between English and Muko-Muko Question Words

4.2.3.1 Similarities a. English and Muko-Muko question words are put at the initial position or

medial position and have usage as subject or object in interrogative sentences. Examples: No English Muko-Muko 1 Who is absent today? Siapo yang idak datang haring iko? s ɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ ɪdʌk dʌtʌŋ hʌ:ɪŋ ɪkəʊ? 2 What is that? Apo itung? ʌpəʊ ɪtʊŋ? 3 When will your father go to Amerika? Bilo abak aban ndak paing kek Amerika? b ɪləʊ ʌbʌk ɪnjəʊ ndʌk pʌɪŋ kel ʌme:ɪkʌ? 4 Where do you study English? Dimano aban balajar Bahaso Inggris? d ɪmʌnəʊ ʌbʌn bʌlʌʤʌ: bʌhʌsəʊ ɪŋg:ɪs? 5 Which do you like? Mano yang aban senang? m ʌnəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? 6 Why do you take my pen? Mengapo aban ambik pena ambo? m əŋʌpəʊ ʌbʌn ʌmbɪk penʌ ʌmbəʊ? 7 How did they treat you? Macam mano toboh membuek aban senang? m ʌʧʌm mʌnəʊ tɒbɒh məmbʊek ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? 8 To whom will you give the gift? Untuk siapo ndak aban agih hadiah itung? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ ndʌk ʌbʌn ʌgɪh hʌdɪʌh ɪtʊŋ? Universitas Sumatera Utara 9 With whom should I talk? Dengan siapo ambo harus ngecek? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ʌmbəʊ hʌ:ʊs ŋeʧek? Description: - In the 1 st until 7 th sentences the question words are put in the initial position and function as the subject. - In the 8 th and 9 th sentences the question words are put in the medial position and function as the object. b. Both English and Muko-Muko question words are followed by noun or adjective. Examples: No English Muko-Muko 1 How big is your house? Seberapo gedang umah aban? s əbə:ʌpəʊ gədʌŋ ʊmʌh ʌbʌn? 2 How pretty is she? Seberapo elok inyo? s əbə:ʌpəʊ eləʊk ɪnjəʊ? 3 How tall is he? Seberapo tingging inyo? s əbə:ʌpəʊ tɪŋgɪŋ ɪnjəʊ? 4 How long is the table? Seberapo panjang meja itung? s əbə:ʌpəʊ pʌnʤʌŋ meʤʌ ɪtʊŋ? 5 What films do you like best? Film apo yang paling aban senang? f ɪlm ʌpəʊ jʌŋ pʌlɪŋ ʌbʌn sənʌŋ? 6 Which newspapers do you read? Koran mano yang aban baco? k əʊ:ʌn mʌnəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn bʌʧəʊ? Universitas Sumatera Utara 7 Whose umbrella do you use? Payung siapo yang aban pakai? p ʌjʊŋ sɪʌpəʊ jʌŋ ʌbʌn pʌkaɪ? 8 What time do you usually go to school? Jam berapo biasonyo aban paing kek sakola? ʤʌm bə:ʌpəʊ bɪʌsəʊnjəʊ ʌbʌn pʌɪŋ kek sʌkɒlʌ? Descriptions: - In the 1 st until 4 th sentences the question words are followed by adjective. - In the 5th until 8th sentences the question words are followed by noun. But in English, the question words are put at the initial position of the sentence while in Muko-Muko, the question words are put at the medial position of the sentence.

c. A part of English and Muko-Muko question words are followed by

preposition. Examples: No English Muko-Muko 1 What did he leave me for? Untuk apo inyo meninggakan ambo? ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ɪnjəʊ mənɪŋgʌkʌn ʌmbəʊ? 2 Whom will you give this book to? Untuk siapo ndak aban agihkan bukung iko? ʊntʊk sɪʌpəʊ ndʌk ʌbʌn ʌgɪhkʌn bʊkʊŋ ɪkəʊ? 3 With whom did you go? Dengan siapo aban paing? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ʌbʌn pʌɪŋ? 4 With whom will I come to the party? Dengan siapo ambo ndak datang kek pesta itung? d əŋʌn sɪʌpəʊ ʌmbəʊ ndʌk dʌtʌŋ kek pestʌ ɪtʊŋ? 5 For what do you work? Untuk apo aban karejo? Universitas Sumatera Utara ʊntʊk ʌpəʊ ʌbʌn kʌ:eʤɒ? 6 Whom should I talk to? Kepado siapo ambo harus kecek? k əpʌdəʊ sɪʌpəʊ ʌmbəʊ hʌ:ʊs keʧek? Descriptions: - In the 1 st until 4 th sentences the preposition in English are put at the end of the sentences. But in Muko-Muko, the preposition are put at the beginning at the sentences. - In the 5 th until 8 th sentences the preposition in English are put at the beginning of the sentences, and in Muko-Muko, the preposition are put at the beginning at the sentences too.

d. A part of English and Muko-Muko question words used two different