ACCCRN – City Vulnerability Assessment Report 10
quality of provision for disaster-preparedness including warnings, measures taken to limit damage and, if needed, good provision to help people move to safer areas
quickly; quality of planning for and coordinating disaster-response for instance rescue
services and appropriate emergency and health care services and reconstruction to help those who have lost their homes and livelihoods which should aim to improve
resilience, but seldom achieves this;
extent to which poorer groups can buy, build or rent “safe” housing in “safe” sites; degree to which local government creates an enabling environment for local civil-
society action to contribute towards addressing the practical aims identified above Satterthwaite et al., 2007.
2.8 Upgrading slums and squatter settlements
Experiences worldwide has shown that a more inclusive approach of the poorer groups in the planning process reduces the exposure and enhances vulnerability reduction. Improving the
housing conditions, urban infrastructure services and providing livelihood opportunities will make poor less vulnerable to climate change in urban areas. In India, a significant
development took place in the year 2004 with the reappearance of a significant public policy agenda on urban development, urban renewal and governance. Considerable support has been
extended by the national government programme supported by the State and the Local Government Unit.
In order to cope with massive problems that have emerged as a result of rapid urban growth, it has become imperative to draw up a coherent urbanization policystrategy to implement
projects in select cities on mission mode. The JNNURM Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor is being administered by the Ministry of Urban Employment and Poverty
Alleviation through the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban Poor. The main thrust of the Sub-Mission will be on integrated development of slums through projects
for providing shelter, basic services and other related civic amenities with a view to providing utilities to the urban poor. Box 2 and Box 3 highlight the objectives and components of
the JNNURM Sub-mission.
Box 2: Basic Services to the Urban Poor - Objectives and components
The JNNURM seeks to ensure sustainable development of select cities. An evaluation of the experience of implementation of the Mission would be undertaken before the commencement of Eleventh Five Year Plan and
if, necessary, the programme calibrated suitably. The main thrust of the sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor will be on integrated development of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic services
and other related civic amenities with a view to provide utilities to the urban poor. Key mission objectives are:
Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the Urban Poor in the cities covered under the Mission.
Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor including security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery through convergence of other already existing
universal services of the Government for education, health and social security. Care will be taken to see that the urban poor are provided housing near their place of occupation.
Secure effective linkages between asset creation and asset management so that the Basic Services to the Urban Poor created in the cities are not only maintained efficiently but also become self-sustaining
over time. Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the Basic Services to the Urban Poor.
Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor.
ACCCRN – City Vulnerability Assessment Report 11
Box 2: Basic Services to the Urban Poor - Objectives and components
Admissible components include:
1.
Integrated development of slums, i.e., housing and development of infrastructure projects in the slums in the identified cities.
2.
Projects involving developmentimprovementmaintenance of basic services to the urban poor.
3.
Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects.
4.
Projects on water supplyseweragedrainage, community toiletsbaths, etc.
5.
Houses at affordable costs for slum dwellers urban poorEWSLIG categories.
6.
Construction and improvements of drainsstorm water drains.
7.
Environmental improvement of slums and solid waste management.
8.
Street lighting.
9.
Civic amenities, like community halls, child care centers, etc.
10.
Operation and maintenance of assets created under this component.
11.
Convergence of health, education and social security schemes for the urban poor Source:Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, 2004
It is hoped that more rational urban infrastructure development with a strong pro-poor focus would help address some of the structural vulnerabilities of many million plus-cities and state
capitals. But, as yet, there is no independent sub-component that addresses either urban vulnerability or risk mitigation, and no sign of a climate-change-related response Revi,
2007. The Local Government Unit in few mission cities is addressing the issues of local risk which are in addition to the regular practice of construction.
ACCCRN – City Vulnerability Assessment Report 12
Box 3: Integrated Housing Slum Development Programme - Objectives and
coverage
Integrated Housing Slum Development Programme aims at combining the existing schemes of VAMBAY Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana is a Center-State partnership scheme to provide homes and improve the
living conditions of the slum households and NSDP National Slum Development Programme under the new IHSDP Scheme for having an integrated approach in ameliorating the conditions of the urban slum dwellers
who do not possess adequate shelter and reside in dilapidated conditions. The scheme is applicable to all cities and towns as per 2001 Census except citiestowns covered under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission JNNURM The scheme seeks to enhance public and private investments in housing and infrastructural development in urban areas.
The basic objective of the Scheme is to strive for holistic slum development with a healthy and enabling urban environment by providing adequate shelter and basic infrastructure facilities to the slum dwellers of the
identified urban areas. The scheme coverage includes:
1. The scheme will apply to all citiestowns, excepting citiestowns covered under JNNURM. The target
group under the scheme is slum dwellers from all sections of the community through a cluster approach.
2. Allocation of funds among States will be on the basis of the States’ urban slum population to total
urban slum population in the country. 3.
States may allocate funds to townscities basing on similar formula. However, funds would be provided to only those towns and cities where elections to local bodies have been held and elected bodies are in
position. 4.
The State Governments may prioritize towns and cities on the basis of their felt-need. While prioritizing towns, States would take into account existing infrastructure, economically and socially
disadvantaged sections of the slum population and difficult areas. Source: MoHUPA, 2009.
2.9 Current plans and visions in Urban development
