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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional J
3. Exemplification dan Restatement Contoh dan Pernyataan Ulang
With restatement, we repeat a previously mentioned idea by rewording it, for example:
Modern literature in most countries has abandoned the focus on unique, individual psychological struggles, preferring a contemporary focus on social
issues. In other words, contemporary literature has found a critical voice.
With exemplification, we provide an example to illustrate a point, for example: ... contemporary literature has found a critical voice. For example, novels from
Africa depict ordinary people struggling against adversity. Modern literature
in most countries has abandoned the focus on unique, individual
psychological struggles, preferring a contemporary
Focus on social issues
Contemporary literature Has found a
Critical voice The writer restate an idea
using different wording. Restatement is usually
used to emphasize or summarize an important
point. The restatement should make the idea or
argument clearer to the readers.
Contemporary literature has found a critical voice
For example
Novels from Africa depict ordinary people struggling
against adversity The writer elaborates the
idea by giving an example. The exemplification should
make the idea or argument clearer to your reader.
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odul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional J
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4. Cause dan Condition
Cause highlights a cause-effect relation between two ideas, or gives a reason why something happens, for example:
Because of wind and water erosion Australia loses millions of tonnes of topsoil each year.
Condition suggests the kinds of circumstances under which something happens or is done, for example:
If something is not done about this situation soon we will not have enough soil left to feed ourselves.
5. Time dan Place
These relations locate or sequence events, things and ideas in time or space. Of the two, time is by far the most common in academic writing. For example :
Non-absorbent cotton wool was put loosely on top of the mung beans. A bung was then attached to the respiration chamber and the respiration chamber was covered
with foil. Next, a syringe was attached to the bung and left there for ten minutes ...
Because of
wind and water erosion
The writer uses because of to introduce a cause followed by
an effect .
Australia loses millions of tonnes of topsoil each year.
if
Something is not done about this situation
We will not have enough soil left to feed ourselves
The writer uses if to introduce a condition
followed by an outcome.
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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional J
Tabel 3 List of Logical conjunction
Relation Across sentences
Within a sentence
ADDITION REPLACEMENT
also in addition
furthermore moreover
further besides
likewise in the same way
similarly and,
and also nor
or, or else
CONTRAST COMPARISON
however on the other hand
in contrast on the contrary
instead nevertheless
even so despite this
still yet
in the same way likewise
similarly but
whereas while
yet even though
although just as
while both...and
neither...nor
CAUSE CONDITION for this reason
therefore because of this
thus hence
as a result consequently
that being so in that case
otherwise because
since so
so that in order that
if...then if + neg verb
EXEMPLIFICATION RESTATEMENT
for instance to illustrate this
for example in other words
that is to put it another way
to sum up in brief
to clarify
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