33 that the students get chances to speak and interact in order to practice their
speaking skill. Related to mandatory participation, this strategy can help student learning speaking because in group, they are given time special time to speak for
some minutes about certain topic then taking turn to other member. While this demands the students‟ confidence in speaking spontaneously, it can be used as
strategy in learning speaking. In addition, Leaver, et al. in Diyanti 2012:23 list several strategies for
developing speaking skill as speaking a lot, using new structures and terminology in several contexts, reading voraciously, and practicing native-like pronunciation.
The learners can also learn a lot from their interaction with classmates and teachers, making conversations and getting peer feedback. The teachers‟
assistance with relevant guidance by always assisting and facilitating the learners with adequate and relevant learning resources and activities are also beneficial for
promoting their speaking skill. Meanwhile, related to own learning, Wenden in Benson 2001 classifies the
strategies used by adult foreign language learners including: 1 knowing what language and language learning involves, 2 planning the content and methods of
learning, and 3 self-evaluation of progress, and the learning experience.
5. English for Nursing Students
English for nursing students is a part of English for Specific Purpose. According to Dudley and Evans 1997, ESP has absolute characteristics and
variable characteristics. The absolute characteristics of ESP are: 1 ESP is defined to meet specific needs of the learners, 2 ESP makes use of underlying
methodology and activities of the discipline it serves, and 3 ESP is centered on
34
the language appropriate to these activities in terms of grammar, lexis, register, study skills, discourse, and genre. Meanwhile, the variable characteristics of ESP
are: 1 ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines, 2 ESP may use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of General
English,3 ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either for tertiary level institution or in a professional work situation. It could, however, be for learners at
secondary school level, 4 ESP is generally designed for intermediate or advanced students, 5 Most ESP courses assume some basic knowledge of the
language systems. From those characteristics, it is clearly known the definition of ESP. English
for nursing is a kind of ESP which focuses on nursing study program. It is then known as English for Nursing Purpose ENP. ENP is needed to answer the
demands of medical institutions which must produce professional nurse who are not only able in their field but also in communicating using English. English
abilities exchange of information and communication with the physicians and the patients which are related to proper diagnoses and care. Nurse education faces
several dilemmas and challenges in related to discipline-specific language learning and pedagogy Kimball in Yu, 2003. At the work place, nurses are
always with reading and following doctors orders, entering records, writing nursing notes, and many others. By having an adequate skill in English
communication, nurses can better address their patients needs with the effective communication, especially when they are working in international hospital with
international patients or in abroad. That is why ENP is important to learn by all nursing students.
35 English for Nursing Program is given based on institution consideration.
The use of syllabus and learning source is also different from one to other institutions. In
B. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
In conducting the study, I read and relate my research to some other related to researches. There are many studies concern about the learning autonomy and
project-based learning. The researches that I will review are about promoting learning autonomy and project based learning using video production. There are
two researchers sharing the similar stream as my study, which I try to review since those researchers give consideration in conduction my study. I would like to
present the summary of the researches to illustrate the concepts of those researches briefly.
The first research is conducted by Deng Dafei entitled An Exploration of the Relationship Between Learner Autonomy and English Proficiency 2007. There
is relationship between the students English proficiency and their learner autonomy. This study shows that the more autonomous a learner becomes, the
more likely he achieves high language proficiency. It is used as reference for this research because it discusses the relationship between learner autonomy and
language proficiency. The second research is entitled Exploring The Potential of Language
Learning Through Video Making by Masats, Dooly, and Costa 2009 conducted in Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain. This study is to find out how video
making can be used on language learning. The findings are the benefits of video production including as an integrative learning tool and the kinds of products
