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The data gathering was carried out in semester four academic year 20142015. The semester began from March and it was ended on July but the data
gathering was carried out from March to June 2015 to make the research easy to conduct. They were conducted based on the timeline as follows.
Table 3.7 Time Table for Data Gathering
March April
May June
Week Week
Week Week
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Pre Test Determining ctr. exp. Group
Project Assignment Consultation Time
Project Submission Sharing and Commenting
Posttest and Questionnaire Interview
F. THE EXPERIMENT
After identifying experimental and control group, the researcher started to conduct the experiment for class E. According to Ary, Jacobs, Razavieh 2002
in Oh 2010, an experiment is “a scientific investigation in which the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables, controls any other variables, and
observes the effect of the manipulations on the dependent variables.” The researcher in this study acted as both researcher and teacher according
to the teaching schedule in March on the curriculum of STIKes Surya Global. In the process of developing the pretest items, the researcher used the items which
had been used as mid and final exam questions. The design of experimental research must be appropriate for testing the null
hypotheses of the study and must provide adequate control so that the effects of the independent variable can be evaluated as unambiguously as possible. There
are some important things in the experimental research design to make the
55 experimental research work. They are: 1 The researcher controlled and
manipulated all other variables that might influence the dependent variable, 2 The researcher eliminated each potential stumbling blocks by arranging both
groups to have the same teacher, to meet on the same day, to have the same materials and tests, and to make sure that the ability level and the background of
the students of Experimental Group was not superior or better than Control Group.
Because here the researcher acted as both researcher and teacher, she would be easier to teach the classes on the same day. In this semester, she taught both
classes on Thursday, at 08.40 for Experimental Group and at 10.20 for Control Group.
Related to the validity of this experimental research design, there are two criteria that should be considered by the researcher including internal and external
validity. Internal validity is the basic requirement in order to draw correct conclusions from an experiment Campbell and Stanley, 1996.
They stated that internal validity is “the extent to which the changes observed in a dependent variables are caused by the independent variables in a
particular experimental situation rather than by some extraneous factors.” There are some threats on the experiment which must be avoided by the researcher in
conduction experimental research according to Ary et al 2002 as history, maturation, pretesting, instrumentation, regression, differential selection of
subjects, selection-maturation interaction, mortality, experiment effect, subject effect, and diffusion.
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The second criterion of validity of an experimental research design is external validity. External validity refers to generalizability of the findings by
asking if the same results would occur with other subjects, in other settings, and at other times and to what populations, settings, experimental variables, and
measurement variables these findings could be generalized Ary et al., 2002. The researcher had to design the experiment by eliminating the external
validity threats according to Ary et al., 2002 including selection-treatment interaction, pretest-treatment interaction, setting-treatment interaction, subject
effects, experimental effects, and operational definitions. The total meetings in the fourth semester in 20142015 were fourteen
meetings from March to June. There were four topics as the main discussion in this semester named Nursing Instruction, First Aid, Taking History, and Nursing
Documentation see Appendix A In the first meeting of the semester, the students got information that they
would have pretest to observe their English speaking skill in the following week. The teacher then divided the class into two to make her easy in conducting pretest.
Pretest was held in following week in which the first group had first opportunity for having pretest for 90 minutes then the second group had pretest in different
day for the same duration. After conducting pretest and obtaining the scores of both classes, then it had been done homogeneity and normality test to determine
which classes belong to Experimental Group and Control Group. The instruction for making video and the group distribution were informed to the class in the
fourth meeting.
57 The teacher divided the Experimental Group into ten groups containing four
to five members for each group see Appendix E. Because the last topic named Nursing Documentation was not related to speaking skill and more focused in
writing, the groups were only asked to make video project for three other topics taught in this semester. The students had at least two months more for making the
project for all topics. The projects must be submitted to the teacher two weeks before the posttest was held. The students submitted the video by uploading it on
You Tube.com. The teacher also provided three times of progress report provided to help the students whether they got any problem in making video project. They
were in 1 the third week of March, in the first day of giving project, 2 the second week of April, just before mid-semester examination and 3 the first week
of May, two weeks before project submission. The consultations were mostly about the grammar of conversation of the topics which would be recorded by the
students. In addition, the s tudents were also given time to watch the other groups‟
video then gave comments for the best and the worst video of each group. During the experiment, both groups got the same lesson in the class. Both
classes also got in class practice in which the students were asked to have mini- test speaking in two meetings after each topic was learnt. The difference was that
class F, as control group, did not get additional assignment to make video project and consultation time.
The posttest was held in the fifth week of May 2015. The posttest was held one month before final examination of this semester that was held in July. After
posttest, the students were asked to answer the questionnaire. The researcher
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would be helped by another English lecture of STIKES Surya Global to distribute the questionnaire and to watch the students in answering the questionnaire.
The following table shows the detail about the project given to Experimental Group.
Table. 3.8 Project Description to Experimental Group Elements
Themes
Topics 1. First Aid and Emergencies
2. Nursing Instruction 3. Taking History
Sub topics Each group makes four videos of six sub topics below:
1. Asthma 2. Dehydration
3. Injury 4. Faint
5. Fever 6. Sprain
Number of group Ten groups
Number of video Four videos
Duration per video Five to seven minutes per video Scoring Elements
1. Speaking performance 2. Group coordination
3. Subtitling 4. Editing
5. Voice clearance
Progress Report 1. The third week of March
2. The second week of April 3. The first week of May
Project Submission
7
th
to 14
th
May 2015 by uploading on www.youtube.com Sharing
and giving comments
15
th
to 27
th
May 2015
G. DATA ANALYSIS
