Asy-syi'ru al-wijdani li khalil muthran: Dirasat Rumahtikiyah

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲝﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )‪(S.S.‬‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪١٠٦٠٢١٠٠٨٣٤ :‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺩ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﹼﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ ٢٠١١‬ﻡ ‪١٤٣٢ /‬ﻫـ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺻﺮﺣﺖ ﺑﺄﻥﹼ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻰ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ _ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰱ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺣـﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐـﲑ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻓﺄﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺘﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻗﺮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ _ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ ١ ،‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ("‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﲏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ‬
‫ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋﻮﺍﻃﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺰ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻐﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﱂ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻭﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﲝﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺣﻼﻭﺓ ﺟﺮﺱ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﲝﺰﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﺑﺴﻬﻞ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺘ‪‬ﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺃﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﹼﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻟﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺻﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻮﺩ ﰱ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻻﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﲝﻖ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﲤﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻹﲤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪:‬‬

‫ﻩ‬

‫‪ .١‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻭﺱ ﺃﺩﻧﺞ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻭﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﻬﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻱ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱴ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﻭﺑﻜﻞ ﺧﻀﻮﻉ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﻭﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﲢﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﻣﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺑﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺪﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٧‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﺧﻮﺍﱐ ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺪﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﲰﲏ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﱵ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺩﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﱐ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺰﻣﻼﺋﻲ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻓﻮﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻜﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﺭﺯﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻﻧﺞ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﲔ ﺍﳊﺒﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﱐ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﻲ ﻧﻐﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺩﻥ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺷﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﱐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻢ ﻭﺳﻬ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﻔﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﳌﻦ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯ‬

‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪..........................................................‬ﺃ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪........................................................‬ﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪....................................‬ﺝ‬
‫ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ‪..................................................................‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ‪...........................................................‬ﻩ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪........................................................‬ﺡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ‪١..................................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ‪٧..................................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٧..............................................‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪٨..............................................‬‬
‫ﺡ‬

‫ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٩...................................................‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ .‬ﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٩...................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬
‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪١١...................................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻪ‪١٧....................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ‪٢٦...........................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ ‪٢٧...............................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪٢٧.........................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺗﻄﻮ‪‬ﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ‪٣١...........................................‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﺗﻄﻮ‪‬ﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪٣٥...........................................‬‬

‫ﻁ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ‪٣٨..................................................‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ‪٤١........‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ‪٤١................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ ‪٤٣.................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ‪٤٥.................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ‪٤٧..............................................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ‪٤٩....................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪٥١...................................................‬‬

‫ﻱ‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺃ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﺩﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺩﺋﻪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻷﺩﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﳚﺤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺝ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻨﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ Romance‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺼﺺ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺜﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﺘﺼﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﱂ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰒ ﺍﻣﺘﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺷﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗ‪‬ﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻜﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﺋﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻏﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﺁﺓ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺸﺪﻭﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻪ )‪ " : ( Alfred de Musset‬ﻻﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﲨﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ "‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺩﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﳛﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ٢.‬ﺃﻱ ﻧﺸﺄ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﻜﻲ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺇﻻﹼ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭﻗﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﺃﻗﻮﻱ ﻭﺃﺷﺪ‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺿﻤﺤﻼﻝ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﻓﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﻃﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻐﲎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﲜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻔﻴﺾ ﻋﻴﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﻮﻉ ﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻧﺼﺎﻓﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻈﻰ ﲟﺎ‬
‫‪ ٢٠١١‬ر
‪ ٣٠‬ﻣﺄﺧﺬﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪٢‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﳋﻔﺎﺟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﲑﻳﺔ‪ ١٩٥٦ ،‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٢‬‬
‫‪٣‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﲬﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺎﺭ‪٢٠٠١،‬ﻡ( ﺹ ‪٧٧‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪http://www.dorarr.ws/forum/showthread.,‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﻻﳛﻈﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻭ ﺍﳉﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳛﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﲟﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺜﺎﱄ ﺗﻨﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﺬﻝ ﳎﻬﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﻻﻳﻨﺸﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﱂ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﺳﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻻﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺸﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﺫﺍﰐ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﲑﺓ ﳋﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻭﻋﺎﻃﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﺒﺪﻯ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺛﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺡ ﻭﺃﺗﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺁﻻﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺘﻠﺞ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺐ ﻭﳚﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﲨﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺪﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺋﻊ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﻗﺼﺪﺍ ﺑﻮﺯﻥ ﻋﺮﰊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ "ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ" ﺟﻨﺲ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻑ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬
‫‪ ٤‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‪) ،‬ﺩﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ١٤٠٢ ،‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،١ .‬ﺹ ‪.٥‬‬

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‫ﺍﳌﻨﺜﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻭ"ﻗﺼﺪﺍ" ﻓﺼﻞ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﺗ‪‬ـﻔﺎﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺼﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫"ﺑﻮﺯﻥ ﻋﺮﰊ" ﻓﺼﻞ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﻗﺼﺪﺍ ﺑﻮﺯﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺮﰊ ﻛﺎﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺯﻭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪﻭﻥ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺷﱴ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺿﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﻻﻡ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺁﻣﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﺍﺗﻮﺍ ﲟﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺄﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺅﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﳚِﻨﺤﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺎﺣﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﲔ‪.٦‬‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻏﻮﺍﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ )ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ( ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﺒﲑﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﱃ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻫﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ "ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ" ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟﱪﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮ ﰱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪) ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺇﻳﻨﺪﺍﻩ ‪ ،(١٩٩٢‬ﺹ‬
‫‪.٩-٨‬‬
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‫ﻧﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪) ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ،(٢٠٠٥‬ﺹ‬

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‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺷﻮﻗﻲ ‪.‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻏﺰﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﳉﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﳝﺘﺎﺯ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﲝﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻭﺟﺰﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﻓﺨﻢ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻟﺬﺍ ﲡﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮﰐ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻻ ﲡﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻴﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﻌﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﲑﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺦ ﺃﺛﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺒﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢٠١١‬ﻣﺎﺭﻳﺲ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ‬

‫‪http://she٣r.t٣as.com/iraqsham/kalelmotran.htm,‬‬

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‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻄﺮ ﺃﻧﻴﻨﺎﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺪﻓﻘﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺣﺐ ﻳﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﻋﻀﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻃﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﺐ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺩﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺻﻄﻴﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻇﺎﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺸﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﺁﳌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﻦ ﺷﺠﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻔﺖ ﻭﻳﺒﺚﹼ ﺷﻜﻮﺍﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻏﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﲝﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺣﻞﹼ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺀ ﻳﺸﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﳊﺐ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﻪ ﻭﺷﻘﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺗﻌﺒﲏ ﻗﻠﱯ ﻭﺟﺴﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻇﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺿﻌﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻇﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻲ ﻗﻠﱯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﺍﺏ ﺣﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺣﺒﺎ ﻭﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺑﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ‬

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‫ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﻰ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺟﻔﺎﻑ ﺩﻣﻲ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀ ﲝﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳌﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﲝﺚ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻴﺴﲑﺍ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﻨﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ "ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﻨﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫‪ . ١‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ؟‬

‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺇﻥﹼ ﻛﻞ ﲝﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﻳﺜﺒ‪‬ﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪.١‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥﹼ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﲝﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﰱ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬

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‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻊ ﲝﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻭﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﰱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﶈﻤ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻜﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻤﻰ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ "ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﳉﱪﺍﻥ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺟﱪﺍﻥ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ("‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .٢٠١٠‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺑﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰱ ﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥﹼ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﻥﹼ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﳉﱪﺍﻥ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺟﱪﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ ﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ "ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺳﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﰱ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱏ" ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٩٩٦‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻷﻥﹼ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﰱ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱏ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﰱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﱯ‪ .‬ﻭﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪“Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Adab‬‬
‫”‪dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta ٢٠٠٧‬‬

‫ﻭ‪ .‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﹼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫‪ :‬ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ :‬ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﻭﺗﻄﻮ‪‬ﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭﻣﻨﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬
‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﰱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٨٧١‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﰱ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﰱ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻷﺏ ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﻛﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺃﻣﻪ "ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ" ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺇﱄ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺿﻄﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﱐ ﻟﻪ ﰱ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﻭﻃﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺙ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺼﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺍﺟﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﻨﺎﻧﺎ ﻭﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﰱ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺭﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﰱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳉﺒ‪‬ﺎﺭﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻯﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﰱ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺰﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺷﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺿﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﰱ ﻣﺼﺮ‪)،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢١‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬

‫ﻓﺪﺭﺱ ﰱ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﰱ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﰱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺯﺟﻲ ﻭﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﺮﺝ ﻓىﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺪﳘﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﰱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺣﺬﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﻪ ﻓىﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰱ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﺻﻮﻏﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻳﺘﻐﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﳛﻜﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻃﻨﻪ ﺣﻜﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺭﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺒﲑﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺸﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺭﺳﻴﻠﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻔﹼﺴﻮﻥ ﲟﺎ ﻓىﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﱐ ﺭﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﰱ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﻈﻪ ﻭﺣﻆ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺒﻪ ﺳﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺣﱴ ﻻﻳﻐﺎﺿﺒﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻔﻮﺍ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﻢ ﺷﺮ ﻧﻘﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬

‫ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﰱ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٨٩٠‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻓىﻬﺎ ﺭﺩﺣﺎ ً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﻳﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻓﺮﺍﻗﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺍﻗﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ‬

‫‪ ٩‬ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺿﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﰱ ﻣﺼﺮ‪)،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ ،(.‬ﺹ‪. ١٢٢-١٢١‬‬

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‫ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻴﻪ‬

‫)‪(Alfred de musset‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﻗﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺏ ﺷﻜﺴﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﰱ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﺲ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﰱ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱴ ﺃﺳﻬﻤﺖ ﰱ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺼﻞ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺣﺰﺏ "ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺗﺄﻟﻒ ﰱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ‬
‫ﳌﻨﺎﻫﻀﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺧﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺖ ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻜﺮ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻨـﺰﻭﺡ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻬﺎﺟﺮ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﹼﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨـﺰﳍﺎ ﰱ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٨٩٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻣﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻳﻨـﺰﻟﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻭﺑﻄﺸﻬﻢ‪ ١٠.‬ﻭﺻﺎﺩﻑ ﻭﺻﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ "ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻼ" ﻣﺆﺳﺲ ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻫﺮﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺛﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻋﺠﺒﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﻼ ﺃﺧﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺪ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻧﺎ ً ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰱ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﻫﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٠‬ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺿﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﰱ ﻣﺼﺮ‪)،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ ،(.‬ﺹ ‪١٢٢‬‬

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‫ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﰱ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺸﻌﺮﻩ ﻭﺻﺤﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﺫ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺑﺄﲪﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﻭﻗﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﰱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻭﺯﺍﻣﻠﻪ ﻭﺻﺎﺩﻗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٩٠٠‬ﻡ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﲰﺎﻫﺎ "ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺖ ﺑﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﰱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﳓﺠﺒﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٠٢‬ﻡ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ "ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﰱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﳋﺎﺯﻥ ﻭﻧﺎﺻﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﰱ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﰱ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺃﺻﺪﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﻣﺮﺁﺓ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ" ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٠٦‬ﻡ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰱ ﺟﺰﺃﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﲨﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ً ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﻣﺮﺍﺛﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍﺀ" ﻟﺴﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﰱ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺴﺒﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺻﺪﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٠٨‬ﻡ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻪ "ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ"‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﲢﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﲞﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺃﻓﻘﺪﺗﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٩١٢‬ﻡ ﻗﺼﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ "ﺍﻷﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻛﻲ" ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓىﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻋﲔ ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﺍ ً ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎ ً ﺑﺎﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻳﻮﻱ ﻓﺘﺤﺴﻨﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫"ﻧﲑﻭﻥ" ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺪﻳﻮﻱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩١٣‬ﻡ ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﳝﻴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬

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‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﰱ ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﰱ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﻀﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰱ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٢٤‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﱘ ﰱ ﺣﻠﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰱ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺪ ﻣﻠﺤﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﺓ "ﻧﲑﻭﻥ" ﰱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ ﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ١٩٢٩‬ﺑﺼﺤﺒﺔ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻔﻠﺖ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺆﻡ ﺭﺑﻮﻉ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻟﻼﺻﻄﻴﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﰱ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ١٩٣٤‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻲ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﲟﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٤٧‬ﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﻓىﻪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﺂﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﺂﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﲰﻮ ﺃﺩﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﻘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﲔ‬
‫ﺏ"ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﻳﻦ" ﻭﺷﺎﻋﺮ "ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ"‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻨﻔﺎﺳﺔ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻑ ﰱ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﰱ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻣﺎﺭﻳﺲ ‪٢٠١١‬‬

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‫ﻣﻦ‪http://www.onefineart.com/en/artists/khalil-‬‬

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‫ﺩﻋﺎ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﰱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻌﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻟﻸﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺃﻋﻠﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٠٥‬ﻡ ﰱ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻓىﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻮﺩﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺎﺳﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ))ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻼﲪﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻃﺪ ﺃﺭﻛﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﰱ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻼ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻭﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﻋﻤﺎ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺒﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍ