d. Fluency
In simple terms, fluency is the ability to talk freely without too much stopping or hesitating.
12
Meanwhile, according to Koponen, fluency in speaking
can be thought of as „the ability to keep going when speaking sponta
neously’.
13
When speaking fluently students should be able to get the message across with whatever resources and
abilities they have got, regardless of grammatical and other mistakes. e.
Comprehension The last speaking element is comprehension. Comprehension is
discussed by both speakers because comprehension can make people getting the information they want. Comprehension is defined as the
ability to understand something by a reasonable comprehension of the subject or as the knowledge of what a situation is really like.
Based on the theories above the researcher tries to analyze students’
improvement by using those categories that influence students’ speaking ability.
4. The Goal of Speaking
Speaking is used for many different purposes and each purpose involves different skills. Our purposes may be to make social contact with people, to seek
or express opinions, or to clarify information. In some situation we use speaking to give instruction or to get things done.
14
Whatever the students talk to the others, even in a single word comes out from their mouth must contain some goals.
People talk to communicate, that is to express them, to influence people, to convey meaning and message and to enjoy the company of others. Robert said the
most of the speaking you do no matter what you say has some purposes and
12
Sari Luoma, Assesing speaking, Cambridge university press,2004,p.88.
13
Ibid.
14
Jack C. Richard and Willy A. Renandya. Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice,Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,2002, p.201
communication is the mechanism through which the developmental processes occur in what you are doing.
15
The goal of speaking component in a language class should be encourage the acquisition of communication skill and to help real communication in and out
of the classroom.
16
From the explanation above, the writer concludes that the main goal of teaching speaking in the classroom is for communication. It includes
speaking components.
5. The types of speaking activity
The most important feature of speaking activity is to provide an opportunity for the students to get individual meanings across and utilize every
area of knowledge they have. According to Littlewood, there are the various kinds of activities that can be implemented by teachers in order to stimulate students to
speak. Those activities are identifying pictures in pair, discovering identical pairs, locations, missing information, missing features, and secret in group.
17
In this study, the researcher chooses r
ole play as a technique to improve the students’ speaking skill because it can work with any levels. With lower levels, give them a
realistic context especially if in an English-speaking country like shopping, and a realistic role i.e. the customer, not the shop assistant.
15
Robert G. Powell, Classroom Communication and Diversity Newyork and London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group,2010 . P. 14
16
Geoffery Broughton, dkk, Teaching English as a foreign language second edition, Longman: London and New York,1998.p.76
17
William Littlewood, Communicative Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, p. 23-27
