The Formulation of the Study

of business”. 3 Speaking indicates that as one of the language skills, it should get attention from teachers and learners because it plays the important role in our society. Meanwhile, according to Donough and Shaw state, “There are some reasons for speaking involved expressing ideas and opinions: expressing a wish or a desire to do something; negotiating or solving particular problem; or establishing and maintaining social relationships and friendships. Besides, fluency, accuracy, and confidence are important goal in speak ing”. 4 Therefore, as a language skill, speaking becomes an important component to be mastered by the students as the main tool of verbal communication because it is a way to express ideas and opinion directly what we have in our minds. Based on the previous definitions above, it can be concluded that speaking is the process of using the desire of speech to pronounce vocal symbols in order to share the information, knowledge, idea, and opinion to the other person. Moreover, speaking cannot be dissociated from listening aspect, because speaking involves speaker and listener.

2. Types of Speaking

Spoken communications are essentially „transactional or „interactional’. Transactional language is said to be that which contains factual or propositional information. Jerry G. Gebhard states the focus is primarily on the meaning of the message when speaking and when the purpose is transactional. For example, imagine explaining how to find your home to a new friend or describing your aches and pains to a doctor. 5 Interactional is also used to establish and maintain social roles. 3 Martyn Bygate, Language Teaching: A Scheme for Teacher Education: Speaking, Oxford: Oxford University Press,1997, P.8 4 JO Mc Donough and Christopher Shaw, Op.Cit.,p.134 5 Jerry G. Gebhard, Teaching English as A Foreign or Second Language Second Edition, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2009, p. 170.