C. Scope and Limitation of the Study
The discussion of the study will be focused on the validity of the English summative test for the first year students of SMP N 87 Jakarta, and
the validity that will be studied is content validity. As
Marien H. Henerson‟ opinion in his book “ How To Measure Altitudes” he said
content validity refers to representative ness of the sample of questions included in the instrument
contains a set of items that sample the construct‟s various areas that give each its proportionate emphasis”.
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Basically, then, content validity is concerned with whether or not the content of the test is sufficiently representative and
comprehensive for the test to be a valid measure of what it is supposed to measure.
D. The Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to describe whether or not the summative test for the first year students of SMPN 87 Jakarta has content validity. And
the result of this study is expected to give a description for the readers about an analysis of content validity toward the summative test. it also can be used
as an input for the readers; especially for the English teachers, the headmasters, and all people who are involved and responsible in developing
good quality of test. In other word, it is useful for all people to know the characteristics of a good test and for the researchers as the basis for
conducting further research.
E. Method of Study
There are two method applied namely quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative methods are those which focus on numbers and
frequencies rather than on meaning and experience. Quantitative methods e.g. experiments, questionnaires and psychometric tests provide information
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Marien H. Henerson, How To Measure Altitudes USA: Regent of University of California, 1981, p.59
which is easy to analyse statistically and fairly reliable. Qualitative methods are ways of collecting data which are concerned with describing meaning,
rather than with drawing statistical inferences. What qualitative methods e.g. case studies and interviews lose on reliability they gain in terms of
validity. They provide a more in depth and rich description.
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Based on the data and the type of information needed of this research, the writer is focusing on collecting the data about the statistical inferences in
this research so the writer will use the qualitative method. To analyze the qualitative data of this research the formula that is going to be used to analyze
the content validity of English summative test for the first year students of SMP N 87 Jakarta is:
P = F × 100 N
P = Percentage F = Frequcency of unconformity
N = Number of sample
It is used to see how many precent the test covers the instructions of the curriculum. The test items are studied in terms of their conformity to
curriculum. Therefore, the writer also compares the percentage with the criteria adopted from Arikunto‟s opinion:
76 100 = Good
56 75 = Sufficient
40 5 5 = Less good
40 = Bad
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http:www.holah.karoo.netquantitativequalitative.htm
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Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedure Penelitian, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1992, p.313
F. The Organization of Writing
This “skripsi” is divided into five chapters. In chapter one, the writer will discuss about introduction which includes the background of the study,
statement of the problem, scope and limitation of the study, the purpose of the study, method of study and the organization of writing.
In chapter two, the writer will discuss about the theoretical framework. This chapter is divided into two subchapters. The first of sub chapter is
talking about language test, which describes about definition of test, the kind of the test and the characteristic of a good test. The second of sub chapter is
talking about validity, which includes content validity, face validity, construct validity, and empirical validity.
In chapter three, the writer will discus about the profile of SMP N 87 Jakarta.
In chapter four, the writer will talk about research methodology and findings. The first is research methodology that is including in chapter three.
The second is a research finding includes description of data, analysis of data and interpretation of data.
In chapter five, the writer tries to give conclusion and suggestion related
to the problem.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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