Persiapan Tes Akhir 2. Deskripsi Kegiatan Diklat Tatap Muka In-On-In
Bahasa Inggris SMP KK J
21
3. Exemplification and Restatement With restatement, we repeat a previously mentioned idea by rewording it, for
example: Modern literature in most countries has abandoned the focus on unique,
individual psychological struggles, preferring a contemporary focus on social issues. In other words, contemporary literature has found a critical voice.
With exemplification, we provide an example to illustrate a point, for example: ... contemporary literature has found a critical voice. For example, novels from
Africa depict ordinary people struggling against adversity. Modern literature
In most countries has abandoned the focus on
unique, individual psychological struggles,
preferring a contemporary
Focus on social issues
Contemporary literature Has found a
Critical voice The writer restates an
idea using different wording. Restatement
is usually used to emphasize or
summarize an important point. The
restatement should make the idea or
argument clearer to the readers.
Contemporary literature has found a critical voice
For example Novels from Africa depict
ordinary people struggling against adversity
The writer elaborates the idea by giving an example. The
exemplification should make the idea or argument clearer to your
reader.
22
Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1
4. Cause and Condition Cause highlights a cause-effect relation between two ideas, or gives a reason
why something happens, for example: Because of wind and water erosion Australia loses millions of tonnes of topsoil
each year.
Condition suggests the kinds of circumstances under which something happens or is done, for example:
If something is not done about this situation soon we will not have enough soil left to feed ourselves.
if Something is not done about
this situation
We will not have enough soil left to feed ourselves
The writer uses if to
introduce a condition followed by an outcome.
Because of
wind and water erosion
The writer uses because of to
introduce a cause followed by an effect.
Australia loses millions of tonnes of topsoil each year.
Bahasa Inggris SMP KK J
23
5. Time and Place These relations locate or sequence events, things and ideas in time or space. Of
the two, time is by far the most common in academic writing. For example: Non-absorbent cotton wool was put loosely on top of the mung beans. A bung
was then attached to the respiration chamber and the respiration chamber was covered with foil. Next, a syringe was attached to the bung and left there for ten
minutes ...
Tabel 4. List of Logical Connectors
Relation Across sentences
Within a sentence
ADDITION REPLACEMENT
also in addition
furthermore moreover
further besides
likewise in the same way
similarly
and, and also
nor
or, or else
CONTRAST COMPARISON
however on the other hand
in contrast on the contrary
instead nevertheless
even so despite this
still yet
in the same way likewise
similarly
but whereas
while yet
even though although
just as while
both...and
neither...nor