factors of fishing activity as well as the importance of fishermen as the actors of this activity.
3.2.3 The methods of collecting data
The data recorded in each operation were fishing operation method, time duration for each operation stage and catch number in millennium gillnet
according to the captured conditions snagged, gilled, wedged and entangled with reference to the species and size. Ten replicates were done and each replicate
presented by one fishing operation setting-hauling. The total length and body girth of fish caught will be measured to the nearest centimetre.
Some interviews with the millennium gillnet fishermen were conducted to collect some information about the development of the millennium gillnet in
Cirebon.
3.2.4 Research method
The millennium gillnet used in this experiment was 804 m long. The body net consists of 12 pieces of net, measuring 67 m long and 7.8 in depths for each
piece. The net webbing was nylon multi-monofilament, with mesh size of 4 inch, respectively. The hanging ratio of the web was 0.45.
Fishing boat of the millennium gillnet was a wooden boat, with specific dimensions: 7 m x 3 m x 1.5 m, powered by a diesel engine of 24 HP Figure 9.
Detailed description of the millennium gillnet is presented in Table 7 and the gear design is shown in Figure11.
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Figure 9. Fishing boat of millennium gillnet used in the experimental fishing
Table 4. Description of the millennium gillnet used in the experimental fishing operations in Cirebon
No Items Specifications
1
2 3
4 5
Body net
Number of net units Float line
Float Sinker
Nylon, 4 inch mesh size in stretch measure, white transparent in colour, 41 meshes deep, 4248 meshes long, 0.45 of
hanging ratio. 12 pieces 804 m long and 7.8 m deep.
PE 50 mm diameter, 804 m long Cylindrical plastic, 13.4 cm diameter, 38.5 cm long, 576
pieces, and 126 cm of each float distance. Cylindrical cement, 10 cm diameter, 3.2 cm width, 1 kg each,
101 pieces, 8 m of each sinker.
3.2.5 Assumptions
The assumptions used in the experimental fishing were: 1 The possibility of each individual to be caught is the same.
2 The external factor caused by oceanography conditions i.e. current, tides, temperature, salinity, turbidity are considered not significant among
research nets.
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Figure 10. Design of the millennium gillnet in Bondet Waters, Cirebon
50.00 PE 12 50.00 PE
1400 Pb 1000 g R 650 tex
E = 0.45 5 x 2
PA multi monofilament folded monofilament
41 354
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3.2.6 Operation method
1 In the afternoon, around 3 p.m., the fishing boat started the fishing operation and arrived at the location around 4 p.m. Setting process was
done on the seabed upright the coastal line by deploying the marking buoy Figure 11, then piece by piece of the net while the boat moves
forward Figure 12.
Figure 11. Deployment of the marking buoy in the afternoon
Figure 12. Shooting net piece by piece
2 The net were soaked underwater around 2-3 hours. After the soaking time ended, the net then piled up on the deck for subsequent operations. The
catch number counted and catch size were measured Figure 13.
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Figure13. The last hauling process in the late afternoon
3.2.7 Data analysis
The catch data number of individual presented in descriptive analysis using graphics and mean values. The captured condition analyzed in the form of
proportion of each capture-method category i.e. gilled, wedged, snagged and entangled.
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4 RESULTS
4.1 Brief History of Millennium Gillnet
Millennium gillnet was introduced in Mertasinga Village, Bondet through a short training held by the Fishing Utilization Section of local Fisheries and Marine
Affairs Agency in 2002. The first introduction in Cirebon was probably in Gebang Mekar Village on the year of 2000-2001. It was introduced by Gebang Mekar
fishermen who just returned from South Korea from a fishing contract. No one knew who was the first person who named this gillnet as a
millennium gillnet. The name of “millennium” probably came from the year 2000, a period of time when this gillnet was first introduced in Cirebon. The name was
probably also came from the colour of net material which is white transparent and looked shinning, at the beginning of its use.
This gillnet was a popular gillnet used in South Korean and Cirebon fishermen tried to adopt the use of this gillnet to the local artisanal fisheries. As
soon as the use of this gillnet started to raise, the local net factory, PT ARIDA made this gillnet in mass production. Many of millennium gillnets used in
Cirebon was produced by PT ARIDA. Fishermen usually bought this gillnet from the local market or stores, since
they can not order this net directly from the producer, PT ARIDA because of the requirement of minimum order. Koperasi Unit Desa KUD, the local fisheries
cooperative society, helped the fishermen on ordering this gillnet to the producer by collecting the need of this net until reached the minimum order. But recently,
most of the fishermen started to use the second hand or used gillnet instead of new gillnet in order to minimize the cost.
The tight competition among the swimming crab fishermen is made the income of the fishermen decreasing. Many of the swimming crab fishermen
switched their job then became a millennium gillnet fishermen because of the good prospect of this gillnet. This was because of a successful introduction and
implementation of this net among Cirebon’s fishermen. Nowadays, the existence of this net is spreading to other areas in the north
coast Java Sea Indramayu as well as Semarang Central Java and Pontianak
West Borneo and was operated to an industrial fishing. But in Cirebon, most of the millennium gillnet fishermen are the artisanal fishermen.
4.2 Fish Behaviour Study 4.2.1 Fish behaviour in relation to contrast colour net panel
From the result of the experiment, the largest frequency of fish entering the new white was on the conditioned behaviour 106 fish, while fish tend to enter
the old white panel on the voluntary behaviour 101 fish. On the other hand, the frequency of fish entering both panel old white and new white were higher than
the frequency of fish entering black panel. From the proportion of fish passing through net, the highest frequency of average was on the new white in voluntary
behaviour 0.577. Frequency of fish entered black panel less than the new and old white panel.
w w w
y ±
S E
Note: Significant among 3 net panels
Figure 14. Comparison among the fish passing through the net panel on voluntary behaviour
From Figure 14, the comparison of fish passing through the net panel on voluntary behaviour was significant to the other net panels. This probably was due
to the white nets, either old white or new white were less visible than the black net. The proportion of the frequency of passing derived from the frequency of
fish passing through each net panel divided into frequency of fish passed through
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