2 descriptive words to give details about who, what, when, where, and how,
3 past tense to retell the events, and
4 words that show the order of events for example:
first, next, then
. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that a recount text will
have the following language features: 1 the presence of specific participant noun or pronoun that involved in the text, 2 the use of material processes,
those are the action verbs refer to what the participants did, 3 the use of circumstances of time and place, 4 the use of adjectives to give details about
who, what, when, where, and how, 5 the use of past tense to retell the events, and 6 the use of temporal sequence to show the order of the events. Students
should master those language features in order to be able to write a good recount.
2.2.3 Motivation
The term motivation is derived from the Latin verb movere which means to move Schunk, Pintrich, and Meece, 2010. Motivation is very important in learning
something. It gives learners the power to succeed in their learning. Harmer 2001:51 states that “motivation is some kind of internal drive which pushes
someone to do things in order to achieve something”. Schunk, Pintrich, and Meece 2010 said that motivation is something that gets us going, keeps us
working, and helps us complete tasks. Smaldino and Russel 2005:51 define motivation as “an internal state that leads people to choose to work toward or
against certain goals and experiences”. Smaldino and Russel 2005:51 also add that “motivation influences learning by determining the effort they will expend to
reach certain goals”.
From the above definitons, it can be concluded that motivation influences behaviour and learning. Ormrod 2010 proposes several effects of motivation on
students‟ learning and behavior as follows: 1 it directs behavior toward particular goals, 2 it increases the amount of effort and energy that learners
expend in activities directly related to their needs and goals, 3 it increases initiation of and persistence in activities, 4 it affects what learners pay attention
to and how effectively they process it, 5 it determines which consequences are reinforcing and punishing, and 6 it often enhances performance.
Furthermore, motivation is distinguished between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation Harmer, 2001:51; Smaldino and Russel, 2005:51. Extrinsic
motivation is motivation which comes from outside. It is caused by factors outside the person. Harmer 2001: 51 gives examples of extrinsic motivation such as the
need to pass an exam, the hope of financial reward, and the possibility of future travel. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation is motivation which comes from the
individual himselfherself. For example, “a person might be motivated by the enjoyment of the learning process itself or by a desire to make themselves feel
better” Harmer 2001: 51. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation are important. However,
intrinsic motivation is believed to promote more contribution in someone‟s success. Smaldino and Russel 2005:51
states “Students who are intrinsically motivated will work harder and learn more because of their personal interest in
the material”. Unfortunately, not all students have strong intrinsic motivation in learning something. In this case, they need to be helped to enhance their intrinsic
motivation. According to Harmer 2001:52, “The students‟ motivation in learning can be affected and influenced by the society they live in, people who are
closed to them, the teacher, and the teaching learning method”. Teach
er needs to develop students‟ intrinsic motivation. Beside that it is the role of teacher to motivate students; the students‟ initial motivation need not
stay the same forever Harmer, 2001:52. Even strongly motivated students could decrease it and even u
ntil die. Harmer 2001:52 promotes, “Three areas in which teachers can directly influence students‟ motivation are the goals and setting of
learning process, the learning environment, and interesting classes”. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that motivation is very
important for students since it can push them into success. Every student comes to school with different level of motivation, whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic one.
The students‟ motivation influences them in achieving more in their learning so that it needs to be improved from time to time. Their motivation can be enhanced
by teachers by helping students to achieve their learning goals, creating right conditions such as right physical appearance and emotional atmosphere for
motivated learning, and providing a variety of subjects and exercises to keep them engaged. If students enjoy the learning activity, their intrinsic motivation will
increase. And so they are closer to success.
2.2.4 F acebook as Learning Media
