expression and rewrites that expression into target expression again. It can be pure without any … or it can be naturalized to fit the spelling rules in the target
language. For example the word “klepon” is purely translated into ―klepon‖ in
Javanese Gentry. In this example, klepon does not exist in target language so the
translator directly borrows the source expression, and still translate that word to klepon
too.
3. Calque is a translation technique in which when words or phrases of the source
language are translated literally. It is a special kind of borrowing whereas a language borrows an expression from of another, but then translates literally each
of its elements. For exampl e: the word ―honey moon‖ is translated into bulan
madu. In this example, the word honey obviously is translated to madu, and moon
is translated to bulan. Then, the meaning of the translation borrows the source of expression. Both honey moon and bulan madu have same meaning as special
occasion after marriage by go to somewhere.
4. Description is a translation technique in which the translators tend to give
description of the SL expression. It is applied by replacing a term or expression with a description of its form orand function. For example, ketupat is translated
into ―Indonesian traditional food eaten on the celebration of Eid al-fitr‖. In this case, the ketupat is directly translated to the description of itself. It is translated as
the function of the ketupat itself.
5. Literal Translation is a translation technique in which literally translates the
expressions from SL to TL. It occurs when a word or an expression is translated into word for word. It is the direct transfer of a source language text. For example,
Seorang pemimpin agama yang hebat is translated into ―a great religious leader.‖
Simply, this example expression is translated literally from word to word.
6. Transposition is a translation technique dealing with grammar. It occurs
related to the change in the grammar from the source language into target language. For example is the change from verb into noun or plural into singular,
such as ―plastic toys‖ is translated into mainan plastic. In this example the plural expression of plastic toys is translated to singular of mainan plastic.
Meanwhile, domestication is ideological tendency which the translator chooses the target readers as the main figure. The text focuses on the taste and
expectation of the readers who want to get translation based on their own culture. The target readers are easily understand the target text and text itself has natural
essence for them. The techniques which are closely related to domestication are adaptation,
compensation, discursive
creation, established
equivalent, generalization, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, literal translation,
particularization, reduction, substitution, modulation, and variation.
1. Adaptation
is a translation technique in which the translator tries to replace a cultural expression from source expression into expression existed in the
target culture. The example is the word keris is translated into ―sword‖ in English.
Keris is one kind of weapon in Indonesia which has same function as sword, yet it
has different shape. To make the target readers easily understand, keris is
presented in another form, sword. 2.
Compensation is a translation technique that introduces a source text
element of information or stylistic effect in another place in the target text because
