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CHAPTER IV :
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter discusses the collected data from questionnaire and interview guideline of student teachers in English Teacher Education
Department UINSA and the analysis of them. Statistical report of descriptive statistics and student t
eachers’ answer of the most common factor that influence their reading habit are shown as research findings.
Furthermore , the analyzed data of student teachers’ level of reading
habit based on the standard of American Library Association and the analyzed data of the common factors that influence student teachers’
reading habit based on Wigfiel d and Liu’s theories were shown as
research discussion.
A. Research Findings
Research findings report the information that is discovered by the researcher through research instruments. Because there are
two research questions, certainly this chapter requires two main points of research findings and also two main points of research
discussion. It is broken down into several details information related with the finding. Then, the findings correlate to the
theories to make clear and strong explanation. Describing about research questions, certainly research instruments are needed as
the tools in order to answer the research questions.
Explaining about the instruments of this research, the researcher recalls the research question and the instruments of
this study. The following table shows the research questions, aspects, instrument and also number of question in instrument.
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Table 4.1 Research Questions and Instruments
Research Questions
Aspects Instrument
Number of question in
Instrument
What is the reading habit
level of student teachers at
English Teacher
Education Department?
Levels of Reading Habit
: -
Books read -
Time Spending
Questionnaire Questionnaire
items number 1,2,3,4,5, 6
Additional information
concerning indicators and
types of reading habit:
-
Kinds of readings:
Academic and non-academic
reading books -
Types of reading habit: hobby,
recreational and concentration
Questionnaire items number 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12
What is the most common
factor that influences
reading habit of student
teachers at English
Teacher Education
Department -
Intrinsic Motivation
Interview Guideline
Interview Question Number
1, 9, 10 -
Extrinsic Motivation
Interview Question Number
2, 3, 9, 10 -
The Advancement of
Technology Interview
Question Number 4, 5,6,7, 8, 9, 10
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1. Moderate as the Student Teachers’ Reading Habit
Level
Level of English reading habit was classified as quantitative data. The instrument that was used to measure
English reading habit level was questionnaire. This questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS 20, so that it
needed coding system. Moreover there were 12 detailed items in questionnaire. It can be seen on Appendix 1. In
questionnaire, there are two kinds of items.
1. Items that deal with English reading habit levels.
Those are items number 1,2,3,4,5, and 6. This items have three options, those are ; Always, Sometimes and
Almost Never. Here, the coding will be shown below:
Always is valued as 3 and also as Constant Readers
Sometimes is valued as 2 and also as
Moderate Readers
Almost Never is valued as 1 and also as Seldom Readers
2. Items that deal with additional information of reading
habit. Those include kinds of English readings that are mostly read by the student teachers and types of
reading habit. Those are in the items number 7,8,9,10,11 and 12. This kind of items have different
option with the previous items, those are; Agree and Disagree. The coding will be shown below:
Agree is valued as 1
Disagree is valued as 0
The six items that deal with reading habit level were analyzed separately with six items that deal with additional
information of reading habit. It happens because there are different options of each kind of items. Descriptive
statistics using SPSS 20 was needed to analyze the data because the options require interval data or the ordered
categorical data such as Always, Sometimes and Almost
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Never. In addition, this data also required nominal data such as Agree and Disagree. Those different options were
in single questionnaire but different focus and it can be seen in Appendix 1. It facilitated the researcher to use
SPSS to know the descriptive statistic. Descriptive statistic led the researcher to organize and summarize the data so it
could be more comprehensive to be understood.
58
Moreover, descriptive statistics includes mean, median, mode as the central tendencies.
Because of the need of coding in inputting data to SPSS, the researcher decided to code the options using
numerical code as 3, 2 and 1 that have been shown in the previous explanation. Each option represents their own
level. After inputting data, the analysis of reading habit level of student teachers can be seen in the table 4.1 below
a. Level of Reading Habit
Table 4.2 Level of Readers in Reading Habit Using Descriptive Statistic
58
Theodore, Fundamentals of Statistical Reasoning in Education, p. 2.
Statistics
Questio n
Number 1
Questio n
Number 2
Questio n
Number 3
Questio n
Number 4
Questio n
Number 5
Questio n
Number 6
Valid 89
89 89
89 89
89 Missing
Mean 1.79
2.04 2.02
1.88 2.19
1.79 Median
2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00
Mode 2
2 2
2 2
2
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The table shows that from 89 respondents and 6 items of questionnaire, the descriptive
statistics analyzes median mean and mode. Mean refers to the middle score of the gathered data.
59
Moreover, mean is the “balance point” of collected data.
60
In addition, mode refers to the score that have “greatest frequency”.
61
In this research, the data analysis focuses on the greatest
frequency of gathered data. The table shows that the greatest frequency or mode that is showed by
number 2 and it refers to the option “sometimes”.
The median of the six items in questionnaire shows the same number with the items that deal
with level readers. From that descriptive statistic table, it shows that median from question number
1, 2 3 4 5 and 6 = 2.00. It refers to the option Sometimes.
Furthermore, mean from each question shows different number, but it closes with number 2 or
2.00. From that Mean, It refers to the option Sometimes, even there are some additional points
such as 2.09, 2.19 but it doesn’t enough to be
classified as the option Always. From those; mean, median and mode. It
shows that most studen ts’ give the answer in the
second option or it is classified as Sometimes. For more detail analysis, the researcher provides the
detailed analysis from each item deals with
59
Ibid., p. 56.
60
Ibid., p. 59.
61
Ibid., p. 55.
