The research conducted was based on Kemmis and McTaggart model as cited in Burns 2010: 7-9. The steps of the research were planning, action,
observing and reflecting. It can be seen in the following picture:
Figure 2 :
Kemmis and McTaggart’s 1988 action research spiral
The first step of the research is planning. In this step the researcher identifies and analyzed the theme of the research. The researcher interprets the
research data. The researcher uses the classroom data, the individual data, or the subgroup data that are gathered before.
The second step of the research is action. The researcher implemented what had been planned before. The purpose of this step is to solve the problem
which is the students’ low writing ability of narrative texts. Observation is the third step that the researcher did in this research. The
researcher records all activities that have been done before. The researcher tried
to elaborate the type of data, the data collection procedure, and the instrument that are used to collect the data.
The next step is reflection. The researcher and the collaborators did reflections. The reflections step is very important because it can be used as
measurement for the research success. The researcher observed whether the actions had negative or positive effect to the teaching-learning process. The
items that were evaluated includes the change of the students, class, and also teacher.
E. Instrument of the Research
In collecting the data, the researcher used several instruments. They were observation sheets, the tests, questionnaires, interview guideline and
camera. Observation sheets could help the researcher to record all activities in the research process. It also could be used as the reflection before the researcher
moved to the next cycle. The other instrument is the tests. There are the pre-test and the post-test.
Both the pre- and the post-test show t he students’ scores. It includes mean and
standard deviation. The researcher compares the scores taken within pre-test and that taken within post-test to pull the conclusion out.
The next instrument is interview guideline. The English teacher and the students would be interviewed before and after the meeting. The last instrument
is camera. It would be used to take documentations during the research.
F. Data Collection Techniques
This research consists of both qualitative and quantitative data collection. The qualitative data are in the form of opinions from the research
participants. The quantitative data are in the form of scores that are collected from the pretest and the posttest. The data were collected from some techniques
used. Those techniques used are described as follows:
a. Observation
The use of this technique is aimed to describe the subject of the research at a particular time. The researcher observed the teaching and learning process
before, during, and after the treatments. The researcher was also accompanied by a collaborator to help in monitoring the process. The observation technique
also provided field notes data about the whole condition during the research.
b. Interview
The interview was used to get information from the students and the teacher about the teaching and learning process. It also covered the problems
found in the teaching and learning process. The researcher interviewed both the teacher and the students to collect the most complete data about how they saw
the problems that happened in class and the effect of the action.
c. Pre-test and post-test
The pre-test and post-test were the instruments to get information about the students’ writing scores. The pre-test was a test which was conducted before
the treatment. It gave information about the students’ writing scores before the treatments. Moreover, the post-
test was to measure the students’ writing scores
