F. Data Collection Techniques
This research consists of both qualitative and quantitative data collection. The qualitative data are in the form of opinions from the research
participants. The quantitative data are in the form of scores that are collected from the pretest and the posttest. The data were collected from some techniques
used. Those techniques used are described as follows:
a. Observation
The use of this technique is aimed to describe the subject of the research at a particular time. The researcher observed the teaching and learning process
before, during, and after the treatments. The researcher was also accompanied by a collaborator to help in monitoring the process. The observation technique
also provided field notes data about the whole condition during the research.
b. Interview
The interview was used to get information from the students and the teacher about the teaching and learning process. It also covered the problems
found in the teaching and learning process. The researcher interviewed both the teacher and the students to collect the most complete data about how they saw
the problems that happened in class and the effect of the action.
c. Pre-test and post-test
The pre-test and post-test were the instruments to get information about the students’ writing scores. The pre-test was a test which was conducted before
the treatment. It gave information about the students’ writing scores before the treatments. Moreover, the post-
test was to measure the students’ writing scores
after the treatments. Both tests measured how the treat ments affect the students’
writing skill.
d. Questionnaire
In this technique, the researcher distributed questionnaires to the students to get the supportive data about their opinions toward their interests,
feelings, responses about the teaching and learning process and the implementation of the dictogloss, media, and their abilities in writing English
as well. The questionnaires were distributed after the action of the research.
e. Documentation
The documents refer to the students’ writing. They were used to observe the progress of the students’ ability. The researcher also made documentation
of the teaching and learning process both before and during the action. This technique resulted in the observation sheet and field notes.
G. Data Analysis Techniques
As mentioned earlier, there are two types of data used in this research, qualitative data and quantitative data. To analyze the data, the researcher used
qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed in several steps as Burns 1999 suggested:
1. Assembling the data
The data were collected according to the questions or problems to overcome. The researcher looked for broader patterns, ideas or trends that
seem to answer the questions.
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