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d. Action research is a systematic learning process in which people act deliberately, though remaining open to surprises and responsive to
opportunities. e. Action research involves people in theorizing about their practices, action and
consequences and coming to understand the relationships between circumstances, actions and consequences in their own lives.
2. Steps in conducting Action Research
The followings are the steps of action research from Kemmis and McTaggart, 1988:11-14 cited in Burns 2010:8.
a. Planning
In planning, the teacher might identify the problem or issue and produce a plan of action in order to bring about improvements in a specific area of the
research context. This is a forward-looking phase where you consider: 1 what kind of investigation is possible within the realities and constraints of your
teaching situations; 2 and what potential improvements you think are possible.
b. Acting
The plan is carefully considered one which involves some deliberate interventions into your teaching situation that you put into action over an agreed
period of time. The interventions are critically informed as you question your assumptions about the current situation and plan new and alternative ways of
doing things.
c. Observing
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This phase involves you in observing systematically the effects of the action and documenting the context, actions and opinions of those involved. It is a
data collection phase where you use open-eyed and open-minded tools to collect information about what is happening.
d. Reflecting
At this point, the lecturer reflects on, evaluates and describes the effects of the action in order to make sense of what has happened and to understand the
issue you have explored more clearly. He or she may decide to do further cycle of action research to improve the situation even more, or to share the “story” of her
research with others as part of your ongoing professional development.
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter has two subchapters. The first subchapter is the data presentation which describes the research design, the subject of this study,
research setting, research procedure, data source, technique of collecting data, instruments of collecting data, and validity and reliability of the instruments. The
second subchapter deals with quantitative and qualitative data analysis and the last is finding presentation.
A. Data Presentation
This subchapter discusses the research design, the subject of this study, research setting, research procedure, data source, technique of collecting data,
instruments of collecting data, and validity and reliability of the instruments.
1. Research Design
This study belongs to an action research that the purpose is to improve students’ ability and enhancing their interest and awareness in genre-based
reading class through small group discussions technique. The researcher applied action research AR since she wanted to change her practice. If the things might
not be going as teachers expect, they may need to implement a new initiative although they are unsure how to do it effectively. AR or action research is a
process designed to empower all participants in the educational process students, instructors and other parties with the means to improve the practices conducted
