1 Orientation: It is the preface as the introduction to the cast,
time and place
2 Complication: It is the conflict development or the emergence
of problem
3 Resolution: It is problem solving to the conflict or the steps
taken to respond the problem
4 Reorientation: It is the closing statement to show the end of
the story. However, it is just optional
5 Coda: It is the change that takes place on the cast or the moral
lesson that can be taken.
Narrative text often uses particular language components, such as:
particular noun as the substitution of pronoun, individual participant focused on
specific particular participant, past tense and time connection.
C. Theoretical Framework
The previous studies in this chapter have given the researcher the clue to find
the suitable way used as theoretical framework in this research. As discussed
before that there are three stages in error analysis: recognition, description and
explanation of errors. These stages will be used as theoretical framework in this
study.
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The first, dealing with the recognition of errors, the researcher has used the
framework of Corder in Richard 1974: 24 which says that the learner’s errors
are the evidence of the system and are systematic. Here the researcher has
differentiated between mistake and error. The researcher did not take “mistake”
into accountas it is the fault which is different from error. The researcher has
identified errors put into the data from the erroneous sentences which are
ungrammatical. The
second, to conduct description of errors the researcher has taken the framework
of Dulay, Burt, Krasen and James 1998. The researcher has taken the
two of them: errors in term of linguistic categories and errors based on surface
strategy. Errors in linguistic categories include: morphology and syntax. Error
based on surface strategy is the error classification that can give a clear description
about cognitive process that underlines the learner’s construction of the
new language. This category is classified into four types: omission, addition, misformation
and misordering. The researcher has done two steps in description of
errors. First, he classifies errors into categories of morphological and syntactic errors
and the second, he calculates the frequency of each errors.
The third is explanation of errors. Here the researcher explains how and why
such errors happen. In this stage, he discusses the sources of errors which exist
in the students’ narrative writing. He explains whether the errors are caused by
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language transfer, overgeneralization or other strategy of second language
learning.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher discusses the research method used in this
study. Research is a careful study or investigation, especially in order to discover
new facts or information Hornby,1995:996 while methodology is a set of
methods used in a particular area of activity Hornby, 1995: 734. The intention
of this research is to get deep understanding of morphological and syntactic
errors in narrative English composition written by the students of Daarut Taqwa
Islamic boarding school Klaten. The researcher will respectively present: type of
the research, data and data source, method of data collection, data analysis and
theoretical framework.
A. Type of the Research
