2. To what extent using pre-questionings improve students’ reading
comprehension of 10
th
grade students of Gita Kirtti Senior High School?
C. The Objective of The Study
The Objective of this research is to know whether using pre questionings can improve students’ reading comprehension and to know how far pre-
questionings can improve student’s reading comprehension for 10
th
grade
students of Gita Kirtti Senior High School. D.
The Significance of The Study
The result of this study is expected to provide useful information about the using of pre questioning in reading comprehension. It is expected that these
findings can contribute to the group of people, they are:
1.
For the teachers
It is useful for the teachers at Gita Kirtti Senior High School to get clear information about the use of pre questioning in teaching
reading to improv
e students’ reading comprehension.
2.
For the students
It can assist student in reading text with an interesting way and
help them to get comprehension of the text.
3.
For the further researchers
Finally, for further researchers, it is useful also to become a helpful information and useful reference for any further researchers who want to study the
same case.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter covers some theories related to the research. The discussion focuses on reading which consists of the general concept of reading, reading
comprehension, the purpose of reading, understanding of pre questionings and
purposes of pre-questionings. A.
Reading 1.
The Understanding of Reading
“Reading is a thinking process. It requires some kind of response on the part of the reader
”.
1
One of the responses is new understanding that is drawn by reader after a reading process. This is in line with an expert,
Miles V. Zintz that stated “if one utilizes the reading he does, he can make
different generalizations, draw new inferences, and plan new next steps on the basis of it”.
2
It is known that when someone does truly reading, she can restate what the writer and get the inference. Therefore, in order to get
the inference, a person does not only read the messages in the text, but he
also has to understand and comprehend message of the text.
Allington and Strange defi ned that “Reading is an active cognitive
process that does indeed require using graphic letters and phonic sounds information”.
3
Whereas Deanne Spears in her book stated that “Reading is more than merely processing letters and sounds. The real
meaning of the text lies in the relationship the words have with each other.
1
Miles V.Zintz, Corrective Reading, Dubuque:WM. C. Brown Company Publisher,1966, p. 10
2
Ibid.
3
Richard Allington and Michael Strange, Learning Through Reading in the Content Area, Massachusetts: D.C Heath and Company, 1980, p. 16
Reading well requires us to recognize these relationships and put together the meaning of the text”.
4
According the definitions above, it can be seen that reading is a cognitive process of decoding and getting meaning from print requires
letters and information. When one is reading a text, it is more than just saying the words, but reading is the process when a reader identifies the
relationship between words by words and then understand the meaning of these words so that a reader gain a thorough understanding of what they
read. Allington explained that “fluent reading is the efficient extraction of
meaning from text. To do this, the reader must be actively involved with the reading process, predicting upcoming words, evaluating incoming
information and thinking”.
5
From that statement, it is concluded that the good readers should be able to participate in the text that they read. They
must be active in guessing, predicting and using the knowledge of the text they read as an efficiently as possible so that they can think and draw
conclusions from the text that they read.
2. The Purposes of Reading
“Reading is a tool. It is a mean to an end”.
6
In other words when people do reading, it means they must have purposes to achieve. They may
read because they must find some information about what they need, they read because the texts are interesting and entertaining or because they just
like to read it. There are many purposes in reading activity. John D Boer stated “the number and types of purposes for which individuals read are
4
Spears Deanne.Developing Critical Reading Skills, San Fransisco: McGraw company, 2006, p.2
5
Allington.loc. cit.
6
PramilaAhuja, How to Increase reading Speed, Kuala Lumpur: Synergy book international,1995, p.3
almost unlimited”,
7
but basically there are two main purposes for reading. Francois Grellet stated that:
“There are two main reasons for reading: -
Reading for pleasure -
Reading for information in order to find out something or in order to do something with the information you get”.
8
The different purposes of reading activity that also stated by Jeremy Harmer, by divided into some areas:
a.
Predictive
Reading as a tool to train a readers ability in estimating the content of the text they read, either in matching their predictions or in
developing their predictions about the others content that will change after readers get additional information from the text and interact with
the content of the text.
b. Extracting specific information
Here, reading is an activity to find a particular piece of information that readers need. Usually, the readers use scanning type of reading.
c. Getting the general picture
The purpose is not to get details information but to get the gist of the text. Here, the readers will do skim rapidly and understand the
main point of the text. d.
Inferring opinion and attitude The purpose is to know the opinion and attitude of the author about
the topic discusses that is implied in his writing.
7
John J Deboer, The Teaching of Reading, London : Holt rinehart and winstoninc, 1960, p. 34
8
Francois Grellet, Developing Reading Skills, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p.4
