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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter presents the literature reviews of this research consisting of perception, learning English, classroom interactional strategies and context. In
context furthermore covers the seven components of this research’s blue prints including the definitions or short information of them namely classroom situation,
teaching aids and facilities, teaching and classroom management including the mastery of methods and strategies, the application of English learning process,
student motivation, student roles and the goal of learning. All those theories and definition will respectively be denoted and explained below.
2.1 Literature Reviews
As previously mentioned, the literature reviews at least consist of four main theories covering perception, learning English, and context. In context,
furthermore, the seven components of this research are described and denoted.
2.1.1 Perception
Perception generally consists of an observation on certain situation or environment. It can be a mental image, concept or awareness of the environment’s
elements through physical sensation or physical sensation interpreted in the light of experience and captivity for comprehension. This general definition can be
understood as someone’s ability to see, to hear, to feel and to present or to understand what they fell about their environment their social life physically, and
mentally. The following are some definitions of perception. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Perception, according to Stone and Neilson 1985: 205 state that perception is an intellectual organization of sensory stimuli both internal and
external, connected with a particular person, object or event while Leathers 1992 proposes that perception is the cognitive process that individuals use to interpret
and understand the world around them. Elliot 1996 moreover adds that perception is as the ability to recognize familiar persons, objects, or events with
the meaning and expectation. These definitions deals with the definition proposed by Atkinson 1983 stating that perception is the process by which people
organize and interpret the pattern of stimuli in the environment. These definitions indicate that perception is from a cognitive process in our mind of a human being.
It does not accidentally happen, but it takes long time to perceive certain event and experiences. Someone should experience something so that a perception can
be involved. If someone perceives certain situation in his her life, it means that he she recalls what has been happening in certain period in the past in the form of
objects or events of his her experiences. Another point worthy of consideration is a definition processed by
Vernon 1987. He points out the three dimensions of perceptions namely the understanding about the object, the view and action toward the object. The three
dimensions are added by Kalish 1973 namely set or expectation. The word expectation
forming as a noun means when we expect a good thing to happen in the future. The word expectation’s stem is expected, meaning think and demand,
which also have another meaning hope. Another idea worth considering is what proposed by Kalish in sentences “…because of previous experiences and
learning, we often anticipate that certain things will occur before they actually PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
