recognize a round character because this character can change his personality into some one that we do not expect before.
2.1.2 Characterization a. Definition of Characterization
In order to know Chris’s characterization in the novel, I use the theory that is related to characterization. Rohrberger and Woods say that characterization is a
process by which an author creates a character 20. Characterization is an important element in a novel. Meanwhile, Murphy states that characterization is
“the technique used by the author to make the qualities of the character from his likes and dislikes, how he lives, and what he does” 52. It means that
characterization is the way that is used by the author in his literary work to make the readers able to recognize the character and to find out the ideas which are
conveyed by the character. This statement is supported by Holman and Harmon. They say that the term characterization is “the creation of the imaginary persons
so that they exist for the readers as lifelike” 81. In short, characterization is the way the author shows and tries to make his characters alive and understandable
for the readers as realistic ones in his literary work.
b. Methods of Characterization
According to Murphy in his book Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry English Novel for Overseas Students, there are nine ways of
describing characters in a story 161-173. Those are described as follows: 8
1 Personal description
To describe the character, the author explains physical appearances of the character, such as face, skin, body, clothes and hair cut.
2 Character as seen by another
Instead of describing, the author can directly describe the character through the opinion from another. Others characters will give explanation
about what the character is like. Others’ thoughts about a certain character can be a significant factor to build understanding of him.
3 Speech
The author can give us insight into the thought through what the character says.
4 Past life
By learning a person’s past life, the author can give the readers a clue that has helped to shape a person’s character. The character’s past life is always
closely connected to his present life.
5 Conversation with others
The author can give a clue to a person’s character to the readers through conversation of other people and things they say about him. We need to pay
attention towards the conversations of other characters. It is useful to go to speech-by-speech to determine exactly what is meant and implied by them.
9 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
6 Reaction
The author also gives the readers a clue by letting us know how the character reacts toward various situations and events, as a way to describe the
character.
7 Direct comment
The author gives a straightforward comment or description to the readers about the character directly.
8 Thought
The author gives a clue about a character’s characteristics through the character’s thought.
9 Mannerism
The author may describe a person’s mannerism that may also represent the character.
2.1.3 Approaches
According to Rohrberger and Woods, there are five approaches which can be used in analyzing a literary work. They are formalist approach, the
biographical approach, the sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic approach, and the psychological approach 3-15. Those five approaches are
explained as follows:
a. The Formalist Approach
