Research Benefits Definition of Terms

SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta so that the students can monitor their own learning and improve their reading comprehension.

D. Research Objectives

Related to the problem formulation, the objectives of this research are mentioned below: 1. To describe how a set of English instructional reading materials based on reciprocal teaching strategy for the first semester of the tenth grade in SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta is designed. 2. To present the designed set of English instructional reading materials based on reciprocal teaching strategy for the first semester of the tenth grade in SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta.

E. Research Benefits

It is expected that this study will give benefits and contributions to the following people: 1. English Teachers The designed materials can help the teachers facilitate their students to comprehend the reading passages more. It also helps the teachers to create the materials creatively and facilitate them to use appropriate strategies for different reading texts. 2. Students The materials can help the students to monitor themselves in understanding the reading texts. It also helps the students to do the National Examination successfully. The designed materials facilitate the students to be accustomed to the strategies so that they will understand how to use appropriate strategy for the reading texts. 3. Future Researchers Hopefully, this research can give contribution to further studies related to the development of English reading materials for SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta.

F. Definition of Terms

To avoid misunderstanding, below are some definitions of terms: 1. Designing Designing is to prepare a plan to be realized. Designing instructional materials means choosing and organizing instructional materials in a way that facilitates the students learn more efficiently and effectively than they could from natural situation Merill and Tennyson, 1977: xii. In this study, design is a plan to arrange a set of English reading materials using reciprocal teaching strategy that can facilitate the tenth grade students in SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta to improve their reading comprehension ability. 2. Instructional Material Instructional material is a self-contained or self-instructional unit of instruction that has an incorporated theme, offers students with information desired to obtain specified knowledge and skills, and serves as one component of a total curriculum Dick and Carey, 1985: 5. According to Dick and Reiser 1989: 3, instructional material is a set of materials that is used to deliver instructions to the learners. In this study, the term instructional materials refer to a textbook or handout selected or made by the writer based on reciprocal teaching strategy. 3. Reading According to Gibson and Levin, reading is digging up information from a text 1979: 5. They state that the text is not only the printed words but also the combination of text and picture, diagrams, graphs, illustration and so on. Christine Nuttal 1982, cited by Simanjuntak 1988: 14 suggests reading as the meaningful interpretation or printed or written verbal symbols. It is an outcome of the interaction between the perception of graphic symbols that signifies language and the readers’ language skills, cognitive skills and the knowledge of the world. In this study, reading is an activity to comprehend information from a text using the strategy developed by reciprocal teaching strategy. 4. Reciprocal Teaching Strategy According to Brown and Palinscar 1984: 117, reciprocal teaching is a comprehension-fostering activity which emphasizes on four major strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying and summarizing. Each strategy assists the students to understand and get the meaning of what they read. These strategies also support the students to monitor themselves in their own learning. In this study, reciprocal teaching strategy is applied in the reading exercises in the instructional materials. 5. SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta is a senior high school located in Jl. Sabirin no. 1-3 Yogyakarta. The tenth grade class consists of eight classes with 35-37 students in each class. 9

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE