1. Research and Information Collecting Instruments
In this step, the writer employed two instruments. The first instrument was interview. Ary, Jacobs and Razavieh 1979: 175 state two types of interviews.
They are structured and unstructured interviews. The second type is preferred in this study, since the answer needed are in the form of information about the
respondents’ views, opinions, and attitudes. This interview is flexible and done informally.
The interview was done by interviewing one of English teacher in SMA Stella Duce I Yogyakarta. The interviewee was interviewed about the students’
lacks and needs in reading. This was also done to obtain the information about the techniques that were usually done in teaching learning process in class.
The second instrument was questionnaires. There are two types of questionnaires Ary et al, 1979:175, namely structured or closed form and
unstructured or open form. The closed form items are used to make it easier for the respondents in filling the questionnaires since the answer of the questions are
available. On the other and, the open form items are used to get more information from the respondent because they are permitted to answer freely.
The writer used both of those two forms since the questionnaires being distributed were divided into two parts. The first part included some questions in
which the answers had been written down so that the respondents just chose the options. Those questions were related to the instructional reading materials.
However, the students were also able to write down their own opinion. In the second part, the writer used the checklist question type. The writer also gave
them the Indonesian version of the questionnaires to avoid the misinterpretation by the students.
2. Preliminary Field Testing Instruments
In this step, the writer used questionnaires to evaluate the designed materials. The questionnaires were distributed to two English teachers in SMA
Stella Duce I Yogyakarta and two lecturers of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
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