14 the world. This will enable the person to be a full person she wants to be.
2.2.3 Freedom
Freedom means self expressions. It refers to a persons capacity, opportunity, and motivation to express himself freely Bay 15. There are two basic
types of freedom. According to Warbungton, they are negative and positive freedom. A negative freedom is a chance of someone to do something. However, a
positive freedom is more than only having the chance to act; it is an action that a person can actually do 5-10.
Bay mentions three aspects of freedom; psychological freedom, social freedom, and potential freedom 83. The first aspect of freedom is psychological
freedom. There are two basic components of psychological freedom. They are knowing themselves and being themselves. Knowing themselves means that the
person knows his motivation why he does a particular behavior. Being themselves means that the person has the ability to do a particular behavior as what he wants.
In summary, psychological freedom is both of a person’s motivation to do a particular behavior and the ability to do it Bay 88.
The second aspect of freedom is social freedom. Bay defines social freedom as a persons awareness of external limitations on practicing his freedom. External
limitations are everything that is external to the person; such as social institutions, social system, and other persons freedom. In other word, the person’s awareness of
external limitations is the main idea of social freedom 88-89. The last aspect of freedom is potential freedom. Bay defines potential
freedom as the unpredictable external limitations which may occur after a person’s particular behavior 95.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15 To maintain a balance among one individual freedom and the others, there
are limitations of freedom. According to Bay there are three kinds of the limitations of freedom. They are defensiveness, rewards and punishments, and manipulation.
Defensiveness may also means a persons carefulness. It refers to a persons ability to defense his freedom upon the other people. The use of rewards and punishments
to limit ones freedom is when a person strongly wants to do something, or when he is still able to do something he wants but he has to be punished or losts a reward as
the consequence for his behavior. Manipulation is when a person thinks about good things or bad things from his behavior. These good things or bad things may
encourage or discourage his will to do a particular behavior 16-17.
2.3 Historical Background 2.3.1 The Twentieth Century Egyptian Society
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