deals with identifying any aspects of psychology underlying a certain element of literary work.
In this study, I use the psychological approach. Psychological approach is the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns, but from a different
body of knowledge that is psychology Rohrberger and Woods, 1971: 13. Psychological approach is used to explain about human motivation especially the
motivation of the main character, Napoleon, in doing all of his actions. It is because study of psychology deals with the mind, its senses and human behaviour.
The main character’s motivation can be seen from his behaviour when he focuses on getting his goal. Through this approach, the character’s motivation can be
analyzed deeply.
3. Theory of Psychology
According to Kasschau 1995: 7 in Understanding Psychology, psychology is a scientific study of behaviour and mental process. When applied to
humans, psychology covers everything that people think, feel, and do. Here, psychology differs in how much importance to place on specific types of
behaviour. Therefore, many different approaches are necessary to understand the complex richness of human behaviour. Most people like to understand other
people by spending time to observe them and themselves and form conclusions about people from our daily interactions.
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4. Theory of Motivation
Motivation is a reason or set of reasons for engaging in a particular behaviour, especially human behaviour as studied in psychology. According to
Geen 1995 in Human Motivation: A Social Psychology Approach, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of human behaviour.
The word motivation comes from the Latin word movere means to move. Motivation is defined as an internal drive that activates behaviour and gives
it direction. The term theory of motivation concerned with the processes that describe why and how human behaviour is activated and directed. It is regarded as
one of the most important areas of study in the field of organizational behaviour. Joe Kelly in How Managers Manage presents a simple model that
illustrates the process of motivation: Needs - drives - behaviour - goals - reduction or release of tension. Behaviour is both directed to, and results from, unsatisfied
needs. The word unsatisfied is most important. When we talk about behaviour being goal-oriented, we mean that individuals feel a need, want, desire or drive to
do something that leads to the achievement of a goal. Huffman, Vernoy, and Vernoy 2000: 401 state that there are two kinds of
motivation that affect achievement. Those two motivations are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
a. Intrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation refers to a desire to exhibit an action for our own sake. It means that this motivation comes from someone’s enjoyment or pleasure. There
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is not a reward money, certificate, or status for his work but the reward is from his heart, his satisfaction in doing something well.
b. Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation is a desire to exhibit an action because of the external rewards and avoidance of punishment. It means this motivation comes from
reward which will be benefit for someone, such as money, certificate, or status. There is no enjoyment in this motivation. He only does something for the reward
given not for his satisfaction.
B. Theoretical Framework
