is not a reward money, certificate, or status for his work but the reward is from his heart, his satisfaction in doing something well.
b. Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation is a desire to exhibit an action because of the external rewards and avoidance of punishment. It means this motivation comes from
reward which will be benefit for someone, such as money, certificate, or status. There is no enjoyment in this motivation. He only does something for the reward
given not for his satisfaction.
B. Theoretical Framework
Theoretical Framework contains some theories and their applications in this study. It contains of theory of character and characterization, theory of critical
approach, theory of psychology and theory of motivation. I analyze the personality of Napoleon based on the theory of character and
characterization. I use Murphy’s nine ways of how an author reveal the character personalities and traits to the reader.
The approach used in this study is Rohrberger and Woods’ psychological approach. I choose psychological approach because motivation is part of
psychological theory. I believe that this approach can help me in understanding the analysis of my problems about motivation.
Some criticisms also have relations to this study. These criticisms help me to give affirmations in understanding the character in the novel. These criticisms
also can help me in understanding about what the readers thought of this novel.
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C. Criticism
In this part, I present some criticisms on George Orwell and his work entitled Animal Farm. The criticisms are presented to give more references to the
reader in understanding George Orwell’s work. Robert A. Lee in his book Orwell’s Fiction, says:
“Animal Farm is the story of a revolution gone sour. Animalism, Communism, and Fascism are all illusions which are used by the pigs as a
means of satisfying their greed and lust for power. As Lord Acton wrote: “Power tends to corrupt: absolute power corrupts absolutely.” So long as
the animals cannot remember the past, because it is being continually altered, they will have no control over the present and hence over the
future.” He also says that Animal Farm is constructed on a circular basis to
illustrate the futility of the revolution. The novel is a series of dramatic repudiations of the Seven Commandments, and return to the tyranny and
irresponsibility of the beginning. The only change will be in the identity of the masters, and ironically, that will be only partially changed.
The main character of the novel is Napoleon, the pig. Enaam Alnaggar http:writingwiki.orgdefault.aspxWritingWikiAnimal20Farm.html,
describes him as a treacherous and cunning leader, who will do anything to manage to get his way
. This leader of the farm also directly contradicts the set of rules which they created at the start of their rebellion.
For example, after the
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victorious battle of the cowshed, the commandments proclaimed that no animal would be allowed to kill another animal. But later on in the book, Napoleon, once
he has ceased power, decides to hold trials and execute all those who opposed his reign and regime, so that the other animals did not take offence to these actions.
Napoleon ordered Squealer to change the rule from “No animal shall kill any other animal” to “
No animal shall kill another animal without reason” . Napoleon
uses the fact that the other animals were not able to read and their lack of intelligence to pass this off without any doubt.
George Orwell wrote Animal Farm to criticize the political system with open to exploitation by its leader. Napoleon, after gaining complete control, did
anything he wished, reserved the best for the pigs, and treated the animals cruelly. The animals could not do anything, unless they realized their strength in numbers
against their own kind. Unfortunately, they were too stupid to realize this and accepted their status. It began when the milk and apples were appropriated to the
pigs, and continued to when the pigs could drink and sleep on beds, until finally the pigs were the masters to the rest of the animals. Eventually, at the end of the
story the term absolute power corrupts absolutely is proven as the pigs who retained all the privileges for themselves, have evolved into a different status from
the other animals. In real life, it symbolizes the politicians who own everything. Animal Farm was written to express Orwell’s critics with to the human
nature. Orwell seems to be saying, that even when we begin with honourable intentions, there will be some of us who will let their base instincts take control.
Orwell, in Animal Farm portrays this nature by parodying events in real history.
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Given the right conditions, those events could happen anywhere where a leader becoming overly ambitious, to the point of harming his people for more power.
Every human being is capable of becoming a ruthless, opportunistic being like Napoleon if placed in the right place, at the right time.
D. Context of the Novel
