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teacher ask the students to use the sentences as patterns. Later the students can write a parallel composition about other animals same topic.
2 Parallel letters
The students are asked to read a letter, which consists of personal information of someone. The students then write a reply with their own personal
information using the same patterns or format of the letter they have read before.
3 Picture compositions
A volunteer is asked to tell a simple story based on the provided sequence of pictures. After memorizing the story, the students write the story.
Before designing writing material, as productive skill, the researcher will design receptive skill first which is reading skill, reading comprehension to be
exact. The comprehension obtained in this reading later will be used as the basis to create the writing material in this research. Therefore, the integration of reading
and writing skill is needed in this research.
4. The Integration of Reading and Writing
In this part, the researcher will discuss two parts. The first one is the bases of integrating reading and writing, and the second one is how to integrate reading
and writing skills.
a. The Base of Integrating Reading and Writing
Cahyaningsih 2010 said that reading and writing are related to each other. While reading is receptive, writing is productive. When someone read about
something, then automatically they will learn style of writing by the researcher of that text. This will help to improve the structure and choice of words when
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someone writes about something. Suwignyo 1999 as cited by Cahyaningsih said that when reading, people receive all information into their mind. Suwignyo
1999 also said that in writing, people transform their idea and thought into written form.
Because of those facts, in order to get better result in writing, people should increase their reading first. As stated by Suwignyo 1999, the sentence
structure can be learned from reading thus people can apply that structure in written form. It also needs to be noted that if people only read, and not doing any
follow up activities, this can affect their improvement. So, it is suggested that after doing reading activity, they continue it with writing activity. Therefore, integrated
reading and writing skills are recommended.
b. How to Integrate Reading and Writing Skills
Suwignyo 1999 as cited by Cahyaningsih mentions that there are some ways to integrate reading and writing. Selecting appropriate materials for reading
is very important. Suwignyo 1999 also recommended that teacher gives intensive reading to the students. Suwignyo 1999 states that appropriate selected
materials will considerably assist the students to establish a systematic organization of information.
In order to integrate reading and writing, the reading activity will be followed by writing activity. The teacher should ask the students to make their
writing composition based on the information found in reading phase. Cahyaningsih 2010 stated that the teacher may give the students the guide
composition.
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One of the most typical ways of integrated teaching is stated by Cahyaningsih 2010. In her paper, Cahyaningsih 2010:18 states:
“The teacher should start from the simple reading text in order to build the students’ habit of reading. The activities done in class can be in a form of
completing the missing words in the reading passage, answering the challenging questions based on the reading text, exploring the students’
opinion and reaction towards the reading materials, summarizing the reading materials and asking the students to write their opinion, attitudes
towards the reading and make a composition based on the reading text.”
5. Communicative Language Teaching
