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C. Setting
This research was conducted in the eighth grade of SMP Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta which located in Jalan Sultan Agung no.4 Yogyakarta. The
information collection was done in SMP Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta and Sanata Dharma
University.
D. Research Instrument
In order to obtain the data for the research, some instruments were used in the research and information collecting and evaluation.
1. Instruments for Research and Information Collecting
There were two kinds of instruments used for research and information collecting:
a. Questionnaire
According to Borg and Gall 1983:228 , “Questionnaires are printed forms
that ask the same questions of all individuals in the sample and for which respondents record their answers in verbal
form”. A well-designed questionnaire that is used effectively
can gather information on both the overall performance of the test system as well as information on specific components of the system. Therefore, the
researcher included questionnaire as the data gathering technique.
Based on the steps of RD used in this research, the researcher distributed the questionnaires to the eighth grade students of SMP Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta to
obtain the information needed about the materials by the students. The questionnaires were used in the first step of RD.
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b. Interview
As cited by Cahyaningsih 2010, Connel and Khan 1968 stated that interview is a two-person conversation initiated by interviewer for the specific
purpose of obtaining research-relevant information and focused on content specified by research objectives of systematic description, prediction, or
explanation. Based on the steps of RD used in this research, the researcher
interviewed the English teacher of SMP Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta. The interview was conducted in order to obtain more information regarding what kind of Task-based
learning design material the researcher should create. The interview was conducted informally.
2. Instrument for Evaluation
After designing materials, the researcher also distributed second questionnaire to the English teacher, English lecturer, and language institute
teacher. This was done in order to obtain some feedbacks, suggestions, and recommendations which can be used to improve the designed materials. This was
done as the fourth step of RD, preliminary field testing.
E. Data Gathering Technique
This research was using RD as its method. The research was done on April 2012 in SMP Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta. According to the first step of RD,
firstly the researcher distributed questionnaires to the eighth grade students of SMP Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta. Secondly, the researcher conducted an interview with
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the English teacher of the same school. These were done in order to find out the students’ needs in learning English. After that, the researcher designed the
materials. After the designed materials were completed, as the preliminary field testing, the researcher once again distributed some questionnaires. The
respondents of these questionnaires were
an English teacher of SMP Bopkri 2 Yogyakarta, an English lecturer of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma
University, and a language institute teacher.
After the data were collected, the researcher used these data to make revision and improvement for the designed
materials.
F. Data Analysis Technique
In this research, the researcher used two instruments of gathering data, questionnaire and interview. Questionnaire and interview were used to find out
students’ needs. The result of the questionnaire obtained then presented in form of number and percentage. Later, these data were used as the basis of the researcher
deciding the topic and objectives of his designed materials. After finished design the materials, the researcher used another
questionnaire to check whether the materials were appropriate enough or not, an need suggestion and feedback for improvement. The researcher gave the
participants five options representing their agreement, disagreement, or doubt for each statement.
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Table 3.1: Degree of Agreement
Points of Agreement Meaning
1 Absolutely Disagree
2 Disagree
3 Undecided
4 Agree
5 Absolutely Agree
The result was formed into descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to characterized or describe a set of numbers in terms of central
tendency Brown, 2002: 123. There are three characteristics can be used to find central tendency, namely mean, median, and mode. In this research, the only
characteristic used is mean. Mean is the sum of all values in a distribution divided by the number of values.
The formula of mean is written below:
Mn = X
N
Where: Mn = mean average scores X = sum of scores
N = number of respondents The data would be presented in the form of following table:
Table 3.2: Tendency of Respondents’ Opinion
No Statements
Frequency of the Points of Statement
N Mn
1 2
3 4
5
From the respondents’ degree of assessment in the questionnaire, the researcher determined the average score or mean from them individually and
totally. The assessments of the mean were classified as follows.
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0.0 X 2
: the designed-materials were poorly designed 2.01 X
3 : the designed-materials were fairly designed
3.01 X 4
: the designed-materials were already good but need some improvementrevision
4.01 X 5
: the designed-materials were well designed In the end the researcher made the improvement of the materials based on
these data. Suggestion and feedbacks were important as the main source of data in this research.
G. Procedure of the Study
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