The seventh step of R D cycle is Operational Product Revision. The feedback obtained from the main field-testing was used to revise and improve the
designed learning model into a final practical model. In this step, the learning model was revised based on the results of the user validation step. The revised
learning model would then be the iconic model. The collaborated R D Cycle
with ADDIE ID Model was illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 3.1: R D Adopted Cycle Collaborated with ADDIE Model
B. Research Respondents
The researcher aims to make a Moodle learning model for 1st semester students of English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. This
learning model is intended to be used by 1st semester students of English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. In developing the learning model, the
researcher should collect the data from various research participants. Those research participants were the target students, and the lecturers. Thus, the settings
of the research was in Sanata Dharma University. In conducting the need analysis the researcher had to interview the
lecturer, conduct the observation, and distribute questionnaire to the target learners. Thus, the setting would cover Sanata Dharma University. In the
preliminary field testing the researcher had to find some experts in order to validate the preliminary form of product designed. The experts were the lecturers
of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University. The settings in conducting this stage was in, Sanata Dharma University. For the main field testing stage the
participants were 30 students of English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. Thus, the implementation would be done in Sanata Dharma
University. The participants of this research were divided into three; those were
research and information collecting participants, preliminary field testing participants, and implementation participants. The research participants in
research and information collecting were two English lecturers of English Letters
Study Program, Sanata Dharma University and 1st semester students of English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. The lecturers and the 1st
semester students of English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University were chosen because they were closely related to the curriculum and the syllabus
that is employed in English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University The participants in preliminary field testing were two English lecturers of
English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. The lecturers were involved in this research because the researcher considered them the experts in the
application of the theories that are related to this research. Those theories were teaching and learning on reading and informatics technology. They evaluated the
designed learning model and gave suggestions to the researcher or so-called expert validation.
The participants in main field testing were the 1st semester students of English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. The students were
involved in this step due to their participation on the implementation of the designed learning model. The students gave feedback after the designed learning
model was implemented.
C. Research Instruments
Instruments used in this research for both the Research part and the Development part were questionnaires. Seligeer and Shohamy stated that a
questionnaire is a printed form of data collection, which contains questions or
statements for subject to respond, often anonymously 1989. The advantage of a questionnaire is its ability to obtain data from a large number of samples in a
relatively quick and economical way. Ary, Jacobs and Razaveih 2002 said that there were two types of
questionnaire: structured and unstructured questionnaires. In structured questionnaires, both questions and answers are provided. Respondents have to
choose the responses that best represent their own opinions. In unstructured questionnaires, the respondents have to elaborate their beliefs and suggestions
using their own words. This model is easier to construct yet harder to analyze. Questionnaires distributed in this research combined those two types of
questionnaires. For the structured type, statements were composed measured using the Likert scale.
Likert scale is a psychometric response scale primarily used in questionnaires to obtain participants’ preferences or degree of agreement with a statement or set
of statements. Likert scales are a non-comparative scaling technique and are unidimensional, meaning that they only measure a single trait in nature.
Respondents are asked to indicate their level of agreement with a given statement by way of an ordinal scale. There are a variety possible response scales. Most
common Likert scales is a five-poin t scale ranging from “Strongly Disagree” on
one end to “Strongly Agree” on the other with “Neither Agree nor Disagree” in the middle. All the odd numbered scales have a middle value that is often labeled
as “Neutral” or “Undecided.” However, it is also possible to use a four-point scale
or other even numbered scale to produce an ipsative or forced choice measure where no neutral or undecided option is available because it is inconclusive and
could decrease the accuracy of responses. Each level on the scale is assigned a numeric value or coding, usually starting at one and incremented by one for each
level Trochim, 2006. In this research, a four-point scale was used to force the respondents to decide whether they lean more towards the agree or disagree end of
the scale for each item and avoid inconclusive results. Instruments used in this research were needs analysis questionnaire distributed
for the Research part, and also expert validation questionnaire and user validation questionnaire distributed for the Development part. The needs analysis
questionnaire was distributed to the 1st semester students of the intensive reading class in the English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University during the
Analysis phase. The expert validation questionnaire was distributed to two lecturers of English Letters Study Program, Sanata Dharma University during the
formative Evaluation phase. The user validation questionnaire was distributed to the 1st semester students of the intensive reading class in the English Letters
Study Program, Sanata Dharma University in the summative Evaluation phase. The needs analysis questionnaire served as the way to give contribution for the
content and features of the learning model, while the expert validation and user validation questionnaires served as the evaluation sheets for the respondents to
assess the designed learning model. Evaluation was done based on the criteria provided in the questionnaires.
The needs analysis questionnaire consisted of three open questions where the respondents had to elaborate their answers to the questions. The complete needs
analysis questionnaire could be seen in appendix A. The results of the needs analysis questionnaire would be used as the input to design the learning model.
The blueprint for the needs analysis questionnaire can be seen in the table below.
Table 3.1 Needs Analysis Questionnaire Blueprint
Target Respondents
Information Required
Question Types
Items Question Wording
Semester 1 students of
English Letters Study
Program, Sanata
Dharma University
Students’ needs Unstructured 1
Please describe the materials you need to get
from the Moodle
Students’ lacks Unstructured 2
Please describe the difficulties that you
experience with reading
Students’ wants Unstructured 3
Describe the things or features that you want
Moodle to provide
The expert validation and user validation questionnaire consisted of two parts. In the first part, the respondents stated their degree of agreement on the statements
constructed to assess the essential aspects in the learning model, such as the relevance of the contents with the learners’ needs, the elaboration, the activities,
and the outlook of the designed learning model. There were four degrees of agreement to choose: strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. The
more the respondents agree with the statements, it can be inferred that the better
