Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas
259
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2. Hipotesis Proton-Neutron
7:7:K7EH7D=7B? ?I?A7:7H?;HC7D8;HD7C75:.+:7D +1+8 C;D;CKA7D IK7JK =;7B7 N7D= C;D7:? J?J?A J;H7D= :7B7C
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7:7
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5:.+:7D+1+8 ;DKHKJ.=1 H7:?7I?N7D=:?F7D97HA7D
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:7H? A;F?D= 8;H?B?KC -?D7H =7CC7 C;C;HBKA7D ;D;H=? I;8;I7H ;0 KDJKA C;D?C8KBA7D ;;A N7D= I7C7 :;D=7D D;KJHED
7I?B ;AIF;H?C;D C;DKDKAA7D 87M7 D;KJHED 8KA7DB7 F7HJ?A;B N7D=IJ78?B?A78;H7:7:?BK7H?DJ?7JEC ;KJHEDC;BKHKI;97H7H7:?E7AJ?
C;D7:? FHEJED ;B;AJHED :7D ?DJ? D;KJHED :;D=7D KCKH H7J7H7J7 C;D?J 7I?B F;H9E877D C;DKDKAA7D C7II7 D;KJHED I;8;I7H
IC7 7J7K I7C7 :;D=7D Q
P
A= HEJED :7D D;KJHED 7A?HDN7 :?J;H?C7 I;87=7? F7HJ?A;B :7I7H N7D= C;C8;DJKA ?DJ? 7JEC ;:K7DN7
:?I;8KJ DKAB;ED
3. Partikel Penyusun Inti
KCB7DKAB;EDN7D=J;H:7F7J:?:7B7C?DJ?IK7JK7JEC:?B7C87D=A7D :;D=7D
:7D :?D7C7A7D DECEH C7II7 :7FKD KCB7 FHEJED :?B7C87D=A7D
N7D= 8;H7HJ? DECEH 7JEC 7:? I;8K7 ?DJ? 7JEC :7F7J :?B7C87D=A7D I;87=7? 8;H?AKJ
2 P
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2 B7C87D= KDIKH DECEH7JEC
KCB7 D;KJHED 1
.;DJKA7DKCB7FHEJEDD;KJHED:7DDECEHC7II7:7H?7JEC =
?A;J7K?JEC8EHEDJ;H:?H?:7H?FHEJEDDECEH7JEC:7D
DECEHC7II7 7:?KCB7D;KJHEDDN7
PD;KJHED
Contoh
10.1
Eksperimen Rutherford menyatakan bahwa inti atom memiliki diameter
sekitar 10
–15
sampai 10
–14
m. Dari teori kinetik dan khususnya analisis
Einstein tentang gerak Browman, diameter atom memiliki ukuran
sekitar 10
–10
m. Itu artinya elektron akan terlihat berjarak sekitar 10.000
sampai 100.000 kali lipat ukuran inti diukur dari inti atom tersebut jika
inti diibaratkan bola baseball, atom akan memiliki diameter seukuran
kota yang berdiameter beberapa kilometer. Jadi, sebuah atom
sebagian besar berupa ruang kosong.
Rutherford’s experiments suggested that the nucleus must have a radius
of about 10
–5
to 10
–14
m. From kinetic theory, and especially Einstein’s
analysis of Browman movement, the radius of atoms was estimated to be
about 10
–10
m. Thus the electrons would seem to be at a distance from
the nucleus of about 10,000 to 100,000 times the radius of the nucleus itself
if the nucleus were the size of a baseball, the atom would have the
diameter of a big city several kilometers across. So an atom would
be mostly empty space.
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
260
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4. Stabilitas Inti
